Actual Problems of Psychology, Volume 12, Issue 25 – 2019
Abstracts and Information about Authors
Actual Problems of Psychology, Volume 12, Issue 25 – 2019
Abstracts and Information about Authors
UDC159.9
Moliako V. A.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: On the modern stage of psychological researches as in the wide, and more narrow scopes, searching for new perspective approaches, we certainly turn to the work already done and, first of all, of course, to those that seem more adequate in terms of scientific ideas and hypotheses. Continuing many years of researches of the problems of creativity and thinking, we are particularly attentive to turning again and again to the works of an outstanding native scientist – H. S. Kostiuk, which, from our point of view, is still an unsurpassed pioneer in the development of mental activity sphere some specific components, which we will pay attention to in this and subsequent papers. Here we first emphasize that in the current rather saturated flow of the cognitive sphere studies of various levels and a particular direction it seems reasonable to pay special attention to the integral functioning of the psyche in terms of the namely mental activity, which absorbs, so to speak, the processes of thinking, perception first of all (the usual thing, neither memory nor attention, and even more emotionally-sensual and volitional, the linguistic components do not remain aloof, but we, as is generally accepted, to a greater extent leave them somewhat aloof for the usual analysis comfort). We also note that we, referring to the notion of mental activity, to a certain extent mean its synonymy with cognitive, their fundamental uniqueness, not least using this concept, which, from our point of view, more or less defines traditionally accepted in classical native psychology (and not only sychology) of "decoding" precisely these functions of the psyche, which are related to solving tasks, problems, decision-making.
Keywords: thinking, mental activity, understanding, conceptions of cognitive activity.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25):6-15 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Berezova L. V.
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The concept of the strategy of organization and regulation of creative processes by V.O. Moliako is the base of results of the theoretic-empirical research of constructive-technical creativity process and it is presented in the paper. Three levels of transformation of strategy of the solution of constructive-technical task which are caused by domination of functioning of this or that strategy are defined and analysed: algorithmic, conditionally creative, creative. It is revealed that at the solution of design tasks the dominating cogitative trends of an analogizirovaniye, combination and reconstruction are formed and function at each stage of the solution of a task. They are transformed to the dominating cogitative trends on condition of manifestation on each of decision stages. Transformation of the prevailing cogitative trends of analogy, reconstruction and combination in cogitative strategy is supported with subjective confidence in their reliability. The methods and techniques of empirical research are given, the transformation process of solving by students constructive-technical tasks is described. In particular the three levels of analysis and transformation strategy of creative tasks solving depending on the predominant manifestation of analogy, combination and reconstruction strategies: algorithmic, prearranged creative, creative are determined. It is identified that under normal conditions for design problems solving the thinking actions are predominant contrary to analogy or combinatorial are formed and operated during each stage of the solving process (understanding, building plan interpretation, testing plan). They can be transformed into the prevailing thinking trends if they occur at each stage. The transformation of thinking prevailing trends is similar, reconstruction and combination of thinking strategies complete the subjective confidence in their reliability. In complicated conditions for constructive-technical task solving (self-limiting and solving time, speed sketching, incomplete condition of formulated task, overload condition of task), thinking action of the analogy, in contrary to analogy or combinatorial, functioning during all process stages, it is not always urgently transformed into the thinking prevailing actions of each of them and therefore they are not transformed into the thinking prevailing trends, which reduce the number of existing thinking strategies. In some complicated conditions, prevailing thinking strategies are dominant at the stage of conception formation, at the stage of understanding the conditions of a task have the episodic character.
Keywords: creative activity; design thinking; constructive-technical task, thinking strategies of analogy, combination, reconstruction, transformation of strategy; complicated conditions.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 16-25 (pdf)
UDC 159.955
Bila I. M.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: At the present stage of the development of the psychological sience the task of effective management of the educational process, its project and planning is the best reflected in the technology of the development of creative thinking, which is based on the scientific theories of the cultural-historical approach to mental development and the concept of person activity essence. Technological approach involves person-oriented learning, which determines the shift of emphasis from the information-gnostic approach to development and activity, which forms the basis of formation of a person capable of active creative activity, solving tasks and creative, critical thinking. Technology of development of creative thinking, which involves managing the process of learning, organizing and motivating cognitive activity of students and controlling this activity, includes pedagogical goal definition, meaningful, informational, substantive and procedural aspects, aimed at learning, acquisition of skills and the formation of personal qualities of the subject, his competencies and quality diagnostics of the educational process. Effective developmental and diagnostic tools for determining the qualitative assessment of creative thinking at all stages of ontogenesis are heuristic, problem, research creative tasks, in which the subject not only independently uses acquired knowledge, skills, but also finds a new one for them. way of implementation. Tasks must correspond to the tasks of learning, development, personal interests and aspirations of the subject, to be in the "zone of the immediate development" of the subject, that is, to take into account his mental, age, individual potency. The result of the introduction into the educational process of the technology of the development of creative thinking is the formation of a creative personality - a subject of activity that manifests the developed creative abilities, creative motivation, creative skills that provide him the ability to generate qualitatively new ideas and values, and also contribute to self-development and the progress of society.
Keywords: technological approach, educational process, creative thinking, technology of development of creative thinking, creative task.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 26-35 (pdf)
UDC159.92
Borovytska O.M.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The methodological search for one of the potential ways to study the creative interaction process will be carried out. Such process is simultaneously difficult and significant for understanding the nature of creativity, therefore, it will require the integrated participation of general scientific principles and research methods. The principle of feedback is proposed as their methodological complement. It is a question of the relevance of the interaction of cybernetic and synergetic approaches to the study of complex systems in the context of the general methodology. A brief description of historical information on system regulation is provided, based on the feedback principle. To find out the actualizing factors of creative interaction let's take a look at the theory of frames created by Marvin Minsky. We believe that normative regulation of creative interaction is carried out due to the unification of frame structures as concordant mental schemes of its participants, with the help of the feedback principle. The understanding of the frame as a conceptual scheme of the imaginary image of the future product is proposed. Creative interaction will be considered as an integral system of dispositions, the dominant level of activity of which will form the value orientations of its participants. Creative interaction will be considered the so-called projection of the actualized experiences of the participants, the preconditions of activation of which will serve their deterministic values. Creative interaction is determined by the system (complex) of dispositions as a universal strategic disposition (the mental state of synthetic readiness for action), which in its totality integrates a complex multilevel structure. At the core of constructing a model of creative interaction there is the study of strategic mechanisms of regulation of creative interaction, determined by feedback as the fundamental principle of any interaction, in the actualization of which the disposition is seen as a synthetic readiness for action.
Keywords: creative interaction, principle of feedback, cybernetic-synergistic approach, disposition, frame.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 35-47 (pdf)
UDC159.922
Vaganova N. A.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The results of investigation of psychological peculiarities of understanding in the structure of thinking processes by preschool children are presented in the article. Focusing on psychological studies of the understanding problem, attention is paid on the points, related to understanding as a thinking process, as well as the result of this process, taking into account such important characteristics of understanding as its orientation, motivational basis; as a mediated process, associated with new judgments, concepts, evaluations, conclusions, one or another decisions of the subject. The theoretical analysis of the concept of understanding enabled us to define the main psychological indicators and determinants of its manifestations. Elicited were the features specific to the process of understanding of the new information by preschool children through determination of subjective path marks and devising of new image-notions underlying the understanding. The crucial role of the analogy and combinatory mechanisms in the development of new semantic constructions was elucidated. The pilot experimental instructional system was developed that is intended for training children in analyzing new information structures and forming relevant skills.
Keywords: understanding, thinking, new information, preschool age.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 48-55 (pdf)
UDC 159.954 – 043.86:[929:001]
Vynohradova V. Ye.
V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The concepts of an individual‘s ability to creative activity are discussed in this article. Attention is given not only from the philosophical and psychological point of views but also from the other perspectives of known authors that study the way of the development and improvement of the personality. Philosophical searches for the nature of the creative capacity led to the formation of genetic and social theories. A meaningful contribution to the research development in creative abilities is the detection of a system mechanism for the formation of the individual integrity of a person. This is a unity of alternating partial mechanisms, evolutionary – involutionary, and bifurcation. Current theoretical and methodological problems of the research of creativity and concepts of the development of creative capacity are analyzed. The contribution of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists concerning the psychological concept of the formation of creative abilities and their unique conceptual features is discussed. A personality is a system-forming factor in the issue of the development of capabilities. The individual‘s search for the personal entirety can be the aspect that makes scientific discoveries. Requirement of the individual development can lead to social development by consuming of new works, theories (noosphere), and inventions.
Keywords: creativity, creative abilities, theory of creativity, talent, development, integrity, personality.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 55-64 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.072.432
Hud H. О.
Myhailo Hrushevsky Bar humanitarian-pedagogical college, Bar
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of an empirical study devoted to the study of psychological peculiarities of anxiety in junior school age. The peculiarities of the emotional sphere of junior pupils have been analyzed The indicators of anxiety development as a personal attribute and forms of manifestation of emotional distress have been singled out namely: anxiety about learning and communication with peers waiting for bad attitude on the part of teachers, parents and peers, frustration of the need for success, aggression. It has been determined that anxiety, as an indicator of the personal sphere of pupils of junior school age has a significant impact on the characteristics of school life of children. It has been testified empirically that general school anxiety among junior pupils is predominantly represented by a high level. From receiving results it is clear thet the higher of level of alarming the more are snclined to stresses at school. It has been revealed that the school as a social institution acts as a stressed factor and causes anxiety. Empirical evidence suggests that in today‘s Ukrainian school the influence of such characteristics of school life as problems and fears in relationships with teachers and fears of verification of knowledge are reduced. The attitude towards the authority of the teacher and the significance of evaluation are transformed.
Keywords: junior school age, children, anxiety, peculiarities of anxiety, school stress, aggression, frustration.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 64-75 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Gudinova I. L.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: It is argued the point of view that one of the modern tendencies of Psychological Science must become a deepen interest to the inner sense-perception of a text with the help of thinking selection and variety, and also of multitude and multi-side of world perception. In this case the educational text becomes as a subject of social affect which forms and structurizes a person's social practice. It means that it creates some endless sense of area (a cognitive map). That's why it is important to actualize the problem of readiness to self-education, a part of which is self-educational reading. It achieves by means of a reader's formed activity in a complete volume: orientation in the informational trends, forming of the main cognitive actions and methods of dialogical interaction with the text, ability to appreciate the read text and to use it in the further work. The senses of acquired text for the competent reader must serve as a goal, a stimuli and a means for further perception of information. The rational reading allows to percept and to percept and to adapt the maximum of information in accordance to the aim for the shortest period of time with the least expense. Text is a unit of the person's activity and interaction of communication and cognition.
Keywords: cognitive operations, structuring, restructuring, sense, reading.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 76-83 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Gulko Yu. A.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article describes the features of mental response of children of the fourth year of life to new information. There are four levels of mental activity. The first level is primitive subject-oriented actions with the transfer to a new situation of imitative subject-practical actions, as analogues to what is known to a child. The second level is characterized by the emergence of experimental actions due to which the child can create new semantic orientations and not only understand the new subject but also further build their activities with it. In the memory of the child, not the subject analogs, but the figurative ones are actualized. This provides the basis for the fact that a child‘s activity acquires the features of play (imaginary) activity. The third level - a child performs separately both play and experimental actions with the object, thanks to which it creates more and more new subjective semantic orientations, according to which it gives a more complex meaning to the new object. These guidelines for a child exist separately, not related to each other. For the fourth level, the characteristic is the complicated flow of experimental actions into games within the framework of a single mental task that the child has set for himself. Due to this, the activity and the result of this activity in the form of semantic structures becomes more complicated. The semantic reference points distinguished by a child‘s, are partially interconnected.
Keywords: orientation activity, experimentation, game activity, analogization as imitation, semantic reference points.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 84-93 (pdf)
UDC 159.922
Danilevich L. A.
Pavlo Tychyna Uman StatePedagogical University, Uman
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article is devoted to the development of students' creative abilities. The results of the study of the development of students' creativity in the period of training in the way of psycho training are given. Peculiarities of psychotraining of creativity lies in a kind of learning through direct ―living‖ and awareness of experience, which is provided by theoretical explanations of the processes that take place in the body due to different methods of self-regulation. One of the main tasks of modern psychological science in the development of a creative personality at student age is not only the development of methods for diagnosing creative qualities, but also promoting creative displays in the unity of the main sides forming a creative environment where a person joins the process of creating a new and gets skills to achieve creative results, as well as the inclusion in the organization of educational and extracurricular activities of creative psycho-trainings, which will contribute to self-expression self-development and self-realization of students. The use of creative psycho-training in various forms of study (elective or individual) with students shows that mastering the methods of training your psyche, understanding the relationship between the psyche and the body, the emotional and physical state, between intentions and actions contributes not only to the ability to independently overcome difficulties, which arise as a result of low self-esteem, increased emotionality, but also provide development of those needs, aspirations, abilities, which are aimed at self-development, self-improvement and self-education of own personality.
Keywords: student age, creative qualities, psycho training, self-development, self-regulation.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 93-102 (pdf)
UDC 59.922.7-053.5
Devis L. A.
SHEE «Donbass State Pedagogical University», Slovyansk
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In modern literature the problem of human relations comes into question as the emotional phenomenon which shows up in intercourse. An attitude toward other man is closely related to the level of own consciousness of individual. Becomes obvious and considerable role which is played by consciousness of personality in development and becoming of interpersonal relations. In psychological science there is a far of researches, sacred to the problem of self-consciousness of personality. First this problem began to be developed in foreign psychology. In psychological science there are a great number of researches, dedicated to the problem of self-consciousness of personality. Most researchers specify on fact that consciousness can be examined as a result of mastering of certain parameters of attitude a child toward him from the side of parents. According to these researches, in an early period of development of personality of child any social contacts influence on his forming, but from that moment, as attitude was formed toward itself, it becomes an important factor in interpretation of his own experience. In the atmosphere of love and absolute acceptance for a child the bases are mortgaged for his future contacts with other people and for forming of positive attitude toward itself. Researches of most psychologists confirm conceptions in accordance with which a child estimates itself so, as far as surrounding people estimate him and oneself in a that measure, in which tests negative attitude toward itself from the side of surrounding people. In domestic psychology consciousness is interpreted as a specific form of consciousness, directed to realization itself by the subject of activity, on realization of the place in the system of existent relations and serves to one of methods of adjusting of relations of man with the world and by itself. Researchers confirm that opinion by such reasons: the bases of picture of itself are mortgaged in early age, when meaningful people for a child are adults, mainly parents, cooperating with which a child gets a feed-back, that allows him to choose the picture of itself and attitude toward itself. An approval of meaningful people for a child creates a positive character itself, permanent punishment, accenting on failures assists appearance of negative relation. Thus a large role is played by intellectual development of child, which, in opinion of many foreign researchers, promotes adaptive possibilities of individual. At that time, as intellectual insufficiency, narrowing consciousness of child, negatively influences on his consciousness and self relation.
Keywords: structural components of self-consciousness, mental deprivation, interaction, psychocorrection and development of personality.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 102-109 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Dikhtiarenko S. U.
Pavlo Tychyna Uman StatePedagogical University, Uman
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In modern society competence in the field of communication has become one of the main components of a high professional level. For profession Psychologist communicative competence is a leading professional characteristic which determines personal success, personal satisfaction and competitiveness. Current graduate student must have not only some knowledge about different aspects and aspects of communication and skills and use this knowledge in real situations, embodying them in concrete steps to achieve mutual understanding and high performance of professional activities, that should have communication tendencies. Communication is a part of improving the professional competence of the individual. High level of development of communicative competence provides a process semiconstrained of the individual, promote self-development, of human interaction with communication, development of communicative abilities and skills of the individual, the solution internally personal problems and conflicts. Especially important is the experience of interpersonal communication for psychologists. Such people need a high level of communicative competence, which includes not only the possession of the technology to communicate with people, but also the personal commitment to professional communication, mastering the skills of self-exposure to other people, interpersonal perception and evaluation. In order to study the communicative competence of ascertaining psychologists conducted an experiment. The basis for the study was Uman State Pedagogical University named after Pavlo Ticino. The sample totaled 225 people - students of the specialty "Practical Psychology".
Keywords: communicative competence, communication skills, sociability.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 110-119 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Kyrychenko V. V.
Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis problem the study of personal worldview in the conditions of the information society. Interaction of personality with the surrounding world is a complicated process of analysis of heterogeneous information. Knowledge about the world includes not only objective facts, recorded properties and emotional reactions that arise as a result of interaction with the world, they include an estimated component of the individual and social importance of information in the cultural system of role representation of the individual. The theoretical and methodological conceptualization of the problem of personal worldview within the framework of the concept of a strategic approach to the study of creative activity of V.O. Molyako. The analysis of problem is carried out and working definitions of the strategy perception of informational content and the formation picture of the world.
Keywords: perception of the world, information society, poetic perception of the world, strategy of personal perception of the world.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 119-127 (pdf)
UDC 316.47.37.018.32
Kormyshev M. V.
SHEE «Donbass State Pedagogical University», Slovyansk
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In the article there is analyzed the problem of the influence of the deprivational family interaction on the formation and the development of the components of the motivational sphere a child‘s personality. The researchers assert that experience of communication is the main source that influences children and forms their attitude to the other people and themselves.Monitoring at boarding schools indicates a great need for communication and adults` friendly attitude to them adults. Analyzing the characteristics of communication and interaction of children with adults psychologists mention that children who are brought up in an orphanage differ in the development of communication with children who are brought up in the family.First of all, the orphans communicate quite differently with people they show increasing interest than children in adult family, but they are characterized by reduced activity in communicating with adults, by primitive desire to individual contacts, by poorly developed an interest in business cooperation.Business cooperation between a child and adult is very necessary to be analysed. Psychologists say that almost no child has a desire to work with adults, the desire to do something with him. During reading activity the orphans practically do not show any interest, they do not ask questions, do not express their points of view. Thus, the emerging commitment to adult and failure to establish a boarding productive cooperation and communication with people shows the child does not develop the desire to follow the steps of adults as a model, promoting` the absorption of child‘s cultural achievements of mankind and its orientation in the environment.
Keywords: psychological deprivation, interrelation, communication, collaboration, children in boarding schools.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 127-134 (pdf)
UDC 7.012:114
Kostyuchenko О. V.
Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The purpose of the article is to determine the creative aspects representation of design images at the basis of forming a design environment as a system for structuring design products. Methodology of investigation is based on a systematic approach, in particular theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis, and systematization, which made it possible to find out the conceptual field of the problem of design environment design as a consequence of the representation of design images in design products. Scientific novelty of work consists is: 1) in elucidating creative determinants and integrative components, direct and indirect factors of the representation of images in design products structured in the design environment; 2) in the expansion and deepening of the idea of creative properties of the image as a design mechanism in the design environment; 3) in defining the content of the concept of "representation of the design image" in the design; 4) in establishing the connection between the creative determinants of perception, the peculiarities of fiction and a number of expressive universal design tools. It is proved that the formation of the actual design space by means of structuring design products is influenced by the multidimensionality and multifunctionality of the represented design images that appear during the active acquisition and processing of information, is a specific alloy of the internal reflection of reality and the previous experience of perceiving similar objects and interactions with them.
Keywords: image, design image, representation of image, perception, creative aspects of representation, design, design product, design environment.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 135-146 (pdf)
UDC 159. 9
Latysh N. M.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: When solving the problem of preparing specialists who are able to solve tasks quickly and at a very high level, find out the outputs of complex, unusual situations, educating of creative personality becomes actual. From this perspective, research on creative thinking is important because it is responsible for new and unique approaches to solving emerging tasks. The interest of researchers in the problem of creativity and creative thinking is due to the fact that its development creates the basis for the formation of a fully developed, creative personality, able to solve complex, non-standard tasks. In the framework of the procedural approach to creativity, when thinking is considered as a creative process, unlike other mental processes, researchers have come to the conclusion that for the process of solving the creative task, the main thing is not finding the solution as an independent formulation of the problem, the task. It is defined that the central link of creativity is a divergent, unconventional thinking, able to go beyond the standard, aimed at searching and finds several solutions to the problem, trying to "glance" in a new way on already known. The development of cognitive mental processes in the junior school age is characterized by the fact that they become more independent kinds of mental activity, which have their purpose, motive and methods of execution: memorization – into the activity of purposeful, arbitrary learning; perception – in the activity of observation, thinking – in the activity of reasoning, etc.
Keywords: creative thinking, creative task, stages of task solving, giftedness, junior school age.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 146-155 (pdf)
UDC 159.92
Mazyar O. V.
Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article describes the author's structure of personality, which is represented by four subpersonalities, formed on the basis of differentiation of the basic mental contradiction between natural and social elements. In accordance with the structure of the personality is shown the processual specificity of such cycles of activity as understanding of the source information, the formation of the plan, the emergence of guesswork and the preliminary solution of the problem. On the basis of the subpersonal analysis, the specificity of the formation of the main strategic measures was found: search of analogues, combinatorial actions, reconstruction, universal strategy and strategy of random substitutions. The phenomenon of the pathological strategy is analyzed, its fundamental symptomatology and certain behavioral properties are established. The author describes in detail the structural-dynamic aspects of the subpersonality formation that produces a pathological strategy of the vital activity. The functioning of the pathological subpersonality is shown on the example of the deployment of personal problems of Rodion Raskolnikov: the cognitive limitation and distortion of his understanding of the source information were analyzed, the main mistakes in the formation of the plan, the occurrence of guesses and the preliminary solution of the problem were discovered, and also the subject‘s general focus on achievement of the frustration reaction was substantiated.
Keywords: strategy, subpersonality, personal problem, reflection, imitation, experience.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 155-163 (pdf)
UDC 159.922
Maksom K. V.
Chernihiv National Technological University, Chernihiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article deals with the main conceptual approaches to the definition of emotional intelligence as a socio-psychological phenomenon in the work of foreign and domestic scientists. The analysis of research has shown that there are many approaches to the definition and understanding of this construct complementing each other. Combines existing concepts with the fact that emotional intelligence is understood as the ability to identify and control emotions. It is advisable to allocate cognitive, affective and connative components in the structure of emotional intelligence. The article presents the results of an empirical study of socio-psychological peculiarities of the development of emotional intelligence in youth. The obtained data testify that young people's emotional intelligence has a low level of development. However, at the same time - the average indicators of respondents of youthful age are higher on all scales of the methodology. This confirms the assumption that this construct in adolescence is still formed and continues to develop in youthful age. The peculiarities of development of cognitive, affective and connotative components of emotional intelligence in adolescence and youthful age are analyzed. The age-old peculiarities of constructing these constructs are determined. Less noticeable age differences in the development of the emotional intelligence of young people were in the cognitive component of its structure. Consequently, it is appropriate to assume that the cognitive component of emotional intelligence is formed more rapidly, while the affective and connotative components in adolescence are still underdeveloped. Given the functions that perform these components, this can explain the age-old socio-psychological characteristics of adolescent communication. Prospects for further research are seen in the development and implementation of an effective comprehensive program for the development of emotional intelligence that takes into account the age-old features of young people.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, adolescence, youthful age, emotional awareness, empathy, emotional control, self-motivation, emotional recognition.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 164-171 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.078
Myroshnichenko S. O.
Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article analyzes the concept of practical psychologists‘ professional thinking as a tool for decisions making in complex life situations. We adhere to the idea that professional thinking should give the opportunity to perform professional tasks at a high level of skill. As a result, professional thinking should take the form of reflective mental activity in which involved such personality traits as reflection, self-regulation, creativity and planning. The characteristics of practical psychologists‘ personality involved in the practical implementation of professional thinking in the context of subjectively relevant life situations are also listed. From our point of view, one of the important components of practical psychologists‘ professional thinking is a creative approach to solving professional problems. We consider creativity as the ability to think quickly, to make behavior non-standard, to produce ideas. In addition, we consider the use of components of practical psychologists‘ professional thinking in the context of world perception types in which the behavioral styles reflect the decision-making. The features of the subjective world perception of actual reality are considered, with the help of which, the data of actual behavior patterns in complex life situations are obtained. We believe that for the effective use of personal behavior styles, a practical psychologist should be labile to constantly changing conditions. In the article, we distinguish four types of world perceptions that will help us to determine the specifics of practical psychologists‘ professional thinking.
Keywords: professional thinking, difficult life situation, complex life situation, world perception, personality, self-regulation, reflexivity, decision-making, creativity.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 171-182 (pdf)
UDC [159.955+159.956]
Moiseienko L. A. 1, Vytvytska O. M.2, Kulinich H. M. 3
1Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk
2Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk
3Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article deals with the issues of psychological essence of mechanisms for solving a creative mathematical problem. According to the results of the analysis of research in mathematical thinking, its creative character has been stated and an approach to its study has been identified through the analysis of dominant mental activities in solving creative mathematical problems. The authors have distinguished three components of the process: the process of the understanding, the process of forecasting and the approbation process. It has been established that reconstructing actions occur throughout all components of the process of creative mathematical thinking, and the analysis of reconstructing in such processes has been carried out. It has been found out that in some cases the mental actions of reconstructing become mental tendencies and can take place during either one process component or several components, turning into prevailing mental trends, and lead to the effectiveness of the search process. The emphasis has been put on the significance of subjective confidence in quality of the obtained result, in possibility of reconstructing of mental actions with the use of reconstructing. It has been proved that in case when the tendency for reconstructing prevails throughout all the process components and the subject receives the subjective confidence in the correctness of his actions, this tendency is transformed into a mental strategy of reconstructing, which provides a positive result of the mental search process aimed at solving a creative mathematical problem.
Keywords: creative mathematical thinking, the understanding, the forecasting, the approbation, reconstructing, mental trend, mental strategy.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 182-192 (pdf)
UDC 159.922.27 – 316.87
Moskalenko V. V.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article analyzes the results of the "economically successful person" image‘s conative component‘s content characteristics‘ features study, which, reflecting the socio-economic situation, fulfills the function of stimulating the the subject‘s economic activity. The conative component of "economically successful person" image‘s structure is considered as an independent phenomenon, which in a certain way is connected not only with other elements of the image‘s structure, affecting their configuration in the integral system, but also as an independent factor, affecting the external socio-economic situation. Such an approach to the analysis of the social image‘s structure elements, in particular, of its conative element, is based on the positions of the system-structural approach in the analysis of mental phenomena that each element of the structure occurs naturally as a result of a collision with the real social relations and affects them. The features of the conative component are defined in the article. Basing on the empirical analysis of such parameters of successfullness as the orientation on success, expectations of success gaining, self-esteem of economic success, the preference for actions with money, the content level of the "economically successful person" image‘s conative component in students is defined. The results of the obtained empirical data analysis showed that the parameters of economic success, which are presented through the expectation of students from economic success achieving, have a rather high level of display. The parameters of economic successfullness, presented by the results of the actions with money analysis, showed a low level of its content, which indicates the non-entrepreneurial students‘ attitude to money.
Keywords: social image, economic values, economic success, student youth, successful person, expectations of success achieving, self-esteem of economic success, action with money.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 193-202 (pdf)
UDC 159.942
Moskalenko V. V.1, Maksom K. V. 2
1H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
2Chernihiv National Technological University, Chernihiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents a theoretical analysis of the essence of the phenomenon of emotional intelligence and its structural components, describes the theoretical model of emotional intelligence of the personality. The model of emotional intelligence of the personality is represented as the unity of the cognitive, affective and connotative components. The characteristic of these structural components is presented. The cognitive component is characterized as the ability of a person to determine his emotions by physical condition, feelings and thoughts, and the ability to determine the emotions of others through their language, sounds, appearance and behavior, through works of art. The affective component of emotional intelligence is manifested in the facilitation of thinking, in focusing on important information, in the direction of changing mood associated with the driving force of transforming human behavioral strategies. The definition of emotion is the result of constructive processes of transforming perceptual experiences into internal experience. Recognizing emotions is important for emotional experience and personality behavior; it promotes communication that is more effective. The connotative component is represented by the phenomena of emotional control and their reflexive regulation. Controlling emotions takes place in the development of relationships with other people. It needs to take into account different variants of the development of emotions and their choices. Control over emotions is necessary for the emotional and intellectual development of a person. Reflexive regulation of emotions helps the person to remain open to positive and negative feelings, to cause emotions or to be discouraged from them depending on their informative or usefulness. The connotative component of emotional intelligence is also determined by the ability to exercise self-control of the person in possession of emotions. Adequate emo-tional expression is an important factor in the physical and mental health of the personality.
Keywords: intelligence, emotions, emotional intelligence, structural components of emotional intelligence, cognitive component, affective component, connotative component, structural and functional model.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 203-211 (pdf)
UDC 159.922
Musiiaka N. I.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of a longitudinal experimental study of the attitude towards the subjects of primary and general school pupils. The obtained results testify to the presence of macro-genetic tendencies that represent the personality determination of pupils‘ educational achievements in the ontogenetic dimension. The dominance of the positive emotional attitude towards educational subjects in highly successful pupils at different stages of ontogenesis is ascertained. This tendency is steadily stable in pupils with high level of educational achievements, regardless of the ontogenesis stage. At the same time, with a decrease in the level of educational achievements, growth of the indifferent and negative attitude towards educational subjects is fixed. The highest degree of its expression has pupils with a low level of educational achievements. The established differentiation of the emotional attitude towards educational subjects points to a statistically significant correlation between the pupils‘ attitude to educational subjects and their educational achievements level, both in junior school age and adolescents.
Keywords: macrogenesis, educational achievements, personality determinants, learning effectiveness, attitude to educational subjects, attitude to learning.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 211-220 (pdf)
UDC 159.923:[316.752]:378.011.3-052
Nevmerzhytskyі V. M.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of the problem of psychological measurements of value orientations of the educational space subjects. The phenomena of patriotism and value choice of Ukrainian society are considered. The empirical way was used to study the attitude of the subjects to the image of the patriot and the normative model of patriotic behavior, for which the method of semantic differential was used. According to the ideas of the respondents, the patriot is an interesting restrained person, neat in appearance. Such a person is perceived as a good professional, who is respecting human values, honest and serious, realistically evaluating the situation. He demonstrates his beliefs not with the help of ―loud‖ statements; is perceived by other people as pleasant; has a certain level of material wealth, is delicate in relationships. In communicating with others, he is sincere, deeply understands the essence of the phenomena of reality, is useful in professional and social activities. The connection of this phenomenon with a set of personality traits and moral qualities of a person has been established. It is shown that European values are recognized by researched as a worthy example to follow and are a necessary condition for the normal functioning of society.
Keywords: value orientations, subjects of educational space, patriotism, semantic differential, objects of evaluation, European values.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 221-231 (pdf)
UDC 159.9:378
Podshyvailov F. M.1, Podshyvailova L. I.2
1Institute of a gifted child of NAES of Ukraine, Kyiv
2Boris Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of a modern psychology students‘ personality motivational sphere comprehensive study. The methodological basis of the empirical research was the author‘s model, which emerges from the central position of the motivational sphere in the personality structure. The motivational sphere of the personality is considered as the personality space center, where all personal characteristics that determine the nature of the motivational processes intersect, and which sets the direction, ensures the stability and integrity of the personality. Systematization and structuring of a number of motivational phenomena made it possible to identify four components of the motivational sphere of the personality (orientation, mobilization, actualization and realization components), to establish functional links between them and thus build a model of the motivational sphere of the personality. The described theoretical positions became the basis for planning, organizing and conducting an empirical study of the personality motivational sphere peculiarities with the subsequent quantitative analysis of the obtained results and their qualitative interpretation. Empirical indicators for the study were: emotional orientations; adaptability, personal anxiety, perfectionism; learning motivation; control localization, achievement motivation (success orientation, fear of failure), value orientations and some others. At the same time, the listed indicators are not exhaustive, they are rather examples of the variety of psychological phenomena that characterize and define the motivational sphere of a person, affect its manifestations.
Keywords: motivational sphere of personality, model of motivational sphere of personality, adaptability, perfectionism, anxiety, value orientations, achievement motivation, locus of control.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 231-242 (pdf)
UDC 925 : 159.924-18 (562)
Prymachok L. L.
National University of Water Management and Nature usage, Rivne
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article describes the main theoretical positions of ratio-humanistic psychology according to the process of professional growth of a future specialist. It was substantiated the process of professional growth of a person as acme-oriented process which was connected with the semantic formation of a multidimensional human world. It was noted that ratio-humanistic psychology offered great opportunities for studying the process of professional growth, based on the category of integrity, which manifested itself in terms and meanings. It was also emphasized that rational and humanistic psychology could substantiate the category of professional growth as a process of fundamental transformation of the person, which implied an active qualitative transformation of his/her inner world, led to a fundamentally new structure and mode of life, was open self-regulated integral system that provided productivity self-realization. In this context, the process of professional growth can be represented as a gradual transformation of a human thinking (with its individual characteristics) into professional thinking, which takes part in ensuring the integrity and systematic nature of a professional picture of the world, and ensures self-development of one‘s own personality. The category of professional growth also becomes quite understandable, because it is linked in the theory of ratio-humanistic psychology with a process of generating psychological ontology, transferring the research center of gravity into a space of a real life, where the professional growth of a person takes its worthy place.
Keywords: professional growth, ratio-humanistic psychology, acme-oriented process, multidimensional world of a person, a professional picture of the world, professional thinking, self-development of the person.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 243-254 (pdf)
UDC 159.922.1-055.2:618.39
Savelieva Yu. S.
V. G. Korolenko Poltava National Pedagogical University, Poltava
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: Article is dedicated to the problem of studying psycho-emotional condition, who gave birth prematurely. The results of the research of specific women‘s degree of anxiety in situation of premature birth. Recommendations of organizations psychological helping to premature-borne mother, which contains work with subjective perception of situation, including the examination of the perceptions of this situation and correction of ineffective adaptation mechanisms (psychological protection) in the specific conditions. Given the specificity of our question in this area, the leading works on the family are by M. Avdyeyeva, M. Boyko V. Brutman, the psychology of motherhood by T. Guryanov, of psychological correction and rehabilitation of pregnant women and mothers by T. Znamenska, of education of women who gave birth to premature babies by N. Zavhorodna. The aim of our research is the study of some psychological approaches and personal factors that influence childbirth of women who gave birth to a premature baby. Of particular interest is the impact on the psycho-emotional state of a woman having a baby born prematurely and the definition of personal characteristics that are considered as stressful factors affecting the status of women after childbirth. We have identified the most common response of mothers of premature babies – feeling of guilt and -- picked the methods of psychotherapy for them.
Keywords: extreme situation, premature birth, adaptation of a woman in a situation of premature birth of a child.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 254-260 (pdf)
UDC 159. 9
Symonenko S. M.
K. D. Ushinsky Southern Ukrainian National Pedagogical University, Odesa
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: Study of individual psychological characteristics and their determination in creative activity of representatives of creative professions. There has been conducted some theoretical and methodological analysis of different approaches to the study of individual psychological characteristics and creative abilities in the foreign and domestic science. The empirical study allowed establishing some interrelations of individual psychological characteristics and structural components of creative abilities of activity subjects. There have also been identified and described psychological types based on the factor analysis of individual psychological characteristics: the emotionally stable extrovert, emotionally excitable extrovert, emotionally labile extrovert, emotionally excitable introvert, and emotionally inert introvert. There has been studied relationship between the identified psychological types and procedural and content characteristics of creative abilities. There have also been revealed some features of the influence of individual psychological characteristics on solution of creative problems (in particular, extraversion - introversion), and found out that these characteristics determine a number of peculiarities of problem solving, in particular, coloristic strategies of creating a visual image, their contents and meaning..
Keywords: individual psychological characteristics, individual typological characteristics, individual personal characteristics, creative abilities, procedural and content components of creative abilities, creative activity, creative problem, coloristic strategies, visual image.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 260-272 (pdf)
UDC 159. 9
Tretyak T. M.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The information structural and functional analysis specificity in the process of creative task solving is considered. The scientific developments of H. S. Kostiuk regarding the mental activity of the individual are analyzed. In particular, emphasis is placed on his position regarding the person‘s understanding of the task‘s conditions, the transformation of initial task conditions into the required, pedagogical guidance on the development of students ‘mental abilities, his beliefs on what requirements should be followed when developing new means of new knowledge understanding by senior pupils, the formation of certain mental skills, the development of their creative thinking tools. It is proved that the basis of thinking aimed at task solving is finding the objective relationships between the given and the desired in the process of continuous interaction of the subject with the object. From these positions, the definition of a creative task, creative thinking is given, the stages of the process of solving a creative task are analyzed. Methodical recommendations on the development of schoolchildren creative thinking of by means of KARUS are given: the prognostically necessary information contains material on: the concept of creativity in a broad and narrow sense; the structure of the task solving process; lessons unit on the development: of students' abilities to notice the positive and negative qualities of objects; on the development of creative thinking of senior pupils in the process of creative tasks solving.
Keywords: task, creative thinking, understanding of the task conditions, analogization, combining, reconstruction.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 272-281 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Shepelоva M. V.
H. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of NAЕS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In the article, according to the results of empirical research, the tendencies of artistic orientations (the emotional content, the technique of depiction, the artist‘s creative approach and the semantic content‖), personality characteristics and empathy displays among students are revealed. Basing on the factor weights calculation, it is revealed that a system-forming factor in the students' artistic orientations in painting perception is an orientation on emotional content of artistic work. The second in importance is the artist's creative approach, the semantic content of the work and the technique of depiction are of the least importance among the artistic orientations displays in the perception of artistic works. With the use of multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that the orientation of students on the emotional content of the work is positively influenced by the following indicators: rational channel of empathy, identification in empathy, general activity, conscientiousness, risk inclination, femininity, intuitive channel of empathy, attitudes that contribute to or impede empathy. The following factors have a negative impact: disinhibition, emotional channel of empathy, penetrating ability in empathy, modesty. Results give us a possibility to create a psychological portrait of students, oriented on emotional content of artistic work, and also show which the characteristics are blocking in painting perception.
Keywords: artistry, artistic orientation in painting perception, personality characteristics, empathy, students.
Actual_probl_psihol 2019, 12(25): 281-296 (pdf)