Actual Problems of Psychology. Volume 4. Psychology development of children preschool age. Issue 14 – 2018
ABSTRACTS AND INFORMATION ABOUT AUTHORS
UDC: 373.2–37.014.3
Pirozhenko T.О.
Language: Ukrainian
In order to summarize current trends and perspectives for achieving high-quality preschool education, an analysis of relevant decisions, achievements and changes in the field of education and upbringing of preschool children has been made. Understanding the problems and prospects in organizing educational activity of adults for the smallest citizens of the state requires the unification of efforts of preschool education specialists to solve the strategic tasks of further development of the field.
Keywords: accessibility and quality of preschool education, socio-psychological factors and prospects of development of preschool education.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 6-27 (pdf)
UDC: 159.9:373.2.013.77-051
Balitskaya I. M.
Language: Ukrainian
The article deals with the psychological and pedagogical principles of formation of the value-oriented attitude of parents to the professional activity of pre-school institution teachers. Concept analysis that creates the psychological portrait of a modern pre-school teacher is carried out. The content of value-oriented professional attitudes for pre-school institution teachers is also determined.
The article reveals the main components of the individual style of the professional activity of the educator. The peculiarities of the pedagogical image of the modern teacher, the role of the psychological competence of the educator as a component of pedagogical skill are revealed. The motives of the most practical importance in the activity of the educator are considered in this paper. It is noted that psychological and pedagogical education of parents of the pupils helps to establish effective interaction with the teachers of pre-school establishments. It is emphasized that the modern educator must flexibly adapt to new conditions of cooperation with parents, interact with children and quickly change in response to possible demands of the society.
Keywords: value attitude, psychological knowledge, psychological portrait, individual style of professional activity, teacher's psychological competence, motivation, professional abilities, education of parents.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 28-44 (pdf)
UDC: 316.752 : 159.9,316.625
Barsukovska M.V.
Language: Ukrainian
The article substantiates the importance of the problem of self-determination of pedagogical activity as a special kind of self-creation, of changing understanding of the nature of pedagogical work in the conditions of subject-subject paradigm of education, when the personality of the teacher becomes the main instrument of his activity. Self-determination is seen as an integrative professional pedagogical sense-forming characteristic which determines the systemic nature and integrity of the teacher’s work. The article presents domestic and foreign approaches to terminological definition of the construct «selfdetermination of pedagogical activity», the realization of which in psychological and educational research opens up new prospects for the study of the phenomenon of self-determination at the level of individual and group subject of the teaching process, making it possible to ensure the effectiveness of the work of the teachers as subjects of professional activity. The article presents the methodological foundation of the axiological nature of self-determination as activity of work and behavior of the individual, who becomes able to determine the direction of development and to make an informed and independent choice. It is emphasized in the article that the teacher’s ability of self-determination defines the level and the nature of his activity, which appears as developing psychological and pedagogical reality, manifesting itself in the transforming activity of the teacher towards the implementation of its subject position, disclosure of personal and professional potential, defining, on the one hand, forms, methods and conditions for educational activity, and, on the other – serving as its source.
Keywords: value-semantic sphere; psychological readiness; pedagogical activity; subjective activity.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 44-56 (pdf)
UDC: 159.928.23
Bila I.M.
Language: Ukrainian
The primary micro-system of the society, through which a child acquires skills and knowledge, is a family. The family acts as the main agent of influence on a person, which determines his characteristics and qualities. Features of relationships, the style of upbringing in the family affects the development of the child. In a joint creative activity, realizing the potential, the child seeks to imitate a significant adult, which is a prerequisite for the formation of his abilities and talents.
From the first minutes of the birth, parental love determines the life scenario, it is a huge and irreplaceable source of a child development, emotions, moral qualities, positive perception of the world, self-confidence, creative self-realization.
The dynamics of the development of abilities in the majority depends on how the parents provide the child with meaningful cognitive communication, support the hobbies and interests of the child, offer various cognitive, developmental sources and incentives, create an educational environment.
Keywords: family, child, family communication, family interaction, abilities, developing mutual influence.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 57-78 (pdf)
UDC: 373.2.035:316.62
Vasileva S.A.
Language: Ukrainian
Theoretical foundations of formation of socially-expedient behavior of children of the senior preschool age in subject-transformational activity with objects of the nature are discovered in the article. The scientific views of Leontyev A. (the macrostructure of human activity), Beh I. (creating an emotional image as a motive, the inner meaning of an action), T. Alekseenko, V. Lyakisheva, P. Anokhin, V. Yadov were chosen as the basis for the formation process. The mechanism of origin of the motive that provides the process of creating an emotional image during the deployment of social situations as educational ones is considered; attention is given to objective conditions for achieving the primary goal - action and communication with peers, the goal of the subject-transformational activity is related to the conditions for achieving the primary goal. A conceptual-categorical research apparatus is disclosed. The mechanisms of the formation of socially-expedient behavior of children of the senior preschool age in object-transformational activity with objects of nature are connected with the discussion, various types of games (didactic, subject-role) that allowed the introduction of older preschool children into social relations, significant activity, act, showing an attitude towards myself, as an active subject (I can), to correlate the social demand with the personal "I", which acts, to realize the child that he himself can to make a decision, to show attitude to the peer, objects of nature, to the task, the conditions of action, understanding and taking actions that are expedient in obekt-subject conditions.
Keywords: socially-expedient behavior, subject-transformational activity of children of the senior preschool age.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 78-91 (pdf)
UDC: 37.015.3:159.922.7
Horbatykh V.V.
Language: Ukrainian
The article presents the general theoretical analysis of the study of the influence of parents on the formation of the emotional-value attitude of older preschool child to himself. The styles of adult communication with their children and their influence on the formation of the emotional-value attitude of the older preschool children towards themselves are considered. Also the author of the article considers such a phenomenon as authority, significant other; analyzes the need for formation of parenting competence. In addition, the article deals with the features of the emotional-value relation of children of the older preschool age.
Keywords: self-esteem, self-respect, authority, "significant other", styles of upbringing, emotional-value attitude to oneself.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 91-103 (pdf)
UDC: 159.95
Gulko Yи. A.
Language: Ukrainian
Understanding by preschoolers of their own emotions and emotions of other people can proceed at the level of recognition, remembering and at the level of thinking. With the dominance of memory processes, emotions’ understanding will often occur as speculation. Understanding by the children of each particular emotion can be observed as a complex, dynamic cognitive construct. The components of this construct are the children’s representation of about the possible external display and specific knowledge of the cause-effect relation in the display of certain emotions. The leading guidelines, followed by preschoolers in the understanding of emotions, are mostly subjective and caused by the own attitude to what is perceived and by the available knowledge of a child.
Acquired knowledge is the leading semantic guideline that will enable the child to understand new displays of emotions. Changing of the leading semantic guidelines, which children rely on when understanding the emotions (and hence the development of understanding), are the result of children's supersituative activity and social experimentation. Due to the suprisituative behaviour, the child spontaneously introduces into social situations, where emotions appear, its knowledge in various spheres, sometimes even extremely remote, and as a result can successfully act in such situations. Preschooler's social experiments are always aimed at understanding and creating new knowledge about the emotions of others, about socially accepted norms of behaviour, about the social environment in general in which he lives, in the broadest sense – aimed at the child’s socializing.
Keywords: understanding of emotions, cognitive constructing, leading guidelines, supersituative activity, social experimentation.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 103-116 (pdf)
UDC: 159.938
Zavadska T.V.
Language: Ukrainian
In order to find the factors that influence on the professional self-realization of preschool tutors, a linear regression analysis of the results of previous studies was conducted. Models of dependencies of levels of general, internal and external professional self-realization from empirical data were constructed. The results revealed that "value orientations", "synergy", "activity", "external negative motivation" and "emotional detachment" have the most significant influence on the level of professional self-realization of educators. The last two indicators reflect signs of professional deformation.
Keywords: professionalism, self-realization, factors of influence, tutor.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 116-128 (pdf)
UDC: 159.9:616.89+615.851-053.2
Kabantseva A.V., Korneeva O.L., Stiagunova O.A.
Language: Ukrainian
Promotion of children’s social and psychological health development is a primary concern for any modern society in the conditions of nowadays-unstable social environment. To resolve our children’s main problems, we need to improve both existing approaches to negative influences prevention and negative emotional experience preventive measures implementation. In view of this, many modern and innovative approaches have been implemented recently to teach our children to peaceful coexistence vital skills, to develop their positive social realms, their social adaptiveness levels and self-improvement abilities. However, many psychological and education workers’ insufficient qualification level has been observed under the conditions of social conflicts and continuous military actions. There is deficiency in such activity technical support that makes difficult to resolve effectively all the problems of social and psychological stress overcoming for children at risk. There are various effective universal pedagogical practices. These practices should become a part of every pedagogical team daily routine in any circumstances and take their own place among other acknowledged techniques. One of aforementioned techniques is a methodology of children social and psychological development, so called “Persona Dolls” technique. Such therapeutically oriented dolls could be described as resulting realization of various child emotions treatment for various psycho-emotional conditions, even suffered of psychological traumatic experience. These special dolls should help children to overcome various stereotypes and prejudices which are the base of various stigmatizations, exclusions and discrimination. Such dolls give us an opportunity to teach our children to perceive themselves, their own culture, social status, family circumstances positively, better realize and preserve their own individualities. Practical usage of children’s mental health strengthening innovative methodology “Persona Dolls”, which has been developed recently as part of medical psychological and pedagogical activity for socially vulnerable preschool-age children, is very useful for various specialists: kindergarteners, practical psychologists of preschool education institutions, medical institutions psychologists etc.
Keywords: socially vulnerable children, psychological health, emotional tension, “Persona Dolls” methodology.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 128-140 (pdf)
UDC: 159.922.7
Kaplunova К. А.
Language: Ukrainian
The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the problem of real and gaming relations of children of the senior preschool age in reflecting the interpersonal interaction in the creative game in the psychological and pedagogical literature, examines the main tendencies of establishing their real and game relations in the process of creative game, the expediency of reflection of interpersonal interaction of children of the senior preschool age in creative games.
Real and game relations of children of the senior preschool age in a reflection of interpersonal interaction in creative games, the need of development of harmonious personality and development of social competence of preschool children in the new sociocultural environment are justified in this article.
Keywords: interactions, real and gaming interactions, children of the senior preschool age, interaction, reflection, interpersonal interaction, role interaction, game, creative game.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 141-157 (pdf)
UDC: 159.923
Karabayeva I.I.
Language: Ukrainian
In the article, on the basis of the theoretical analysis of works and scientific supervision, the questions of providing children of senior preschool age with priorities and rejections to life senses are considered. A hierarchy of value orientations, which are laid mainly in the preschool age, is presented. The article reveals the peculiarities of the influence of the sociocultural environment on the formation of value orientations of preschool children.
Keywords: values, value orientations, hierarchy of values, scientific observation.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 158-167 (pdf)
UDC: 372.011.31:373.2
Kondratec I.V.
Language: Ukrainian
The features of application of verbal encouragements and positive estimations which are instrumental in forming of confidence for the children of preschool age adults are examined In the article; the analysis of scientific sources is presented from a theme; the structural and destructive methods of approval are probed; recommendations are offered in relation to effective methods and receptions of approval.
Keywords: confidence, personality of child, encouragements, praise, support, valued orientiry, co-operation, grown man and child.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 167-180 (pdf)
UDC: 81'233-053.4
Krolivets Yи.V.
Language: Ukrainian
The article reveals the theoretical principles of study of the oral narrative speech among children of a preschool age based on the results of the analysis of investigations made by T. V. Akhutina, L. S. Vyhotskyi, K. V. Zasypkina, L. O. Kalmykova, M. M. Koltsova, A. R. Luria, G. O. Lublinska, A. O. Romanova, N. M. Yurieva, and others; the mechanisms of verbal oral speech production of the preschool age children, described in psychological and psycholinguistic science are singled out; the analysis of the coherent monologue stages among children, consisting of motive, idea, internal speech, external speech is made; the forms of children’s creation of the story are presented, in particular: «cluster» of narrative statements, narrative «sequences», primitive narration, unfocused narrative chain, focused narrative chain, children’s «real narration». Accordingly, the children of a preschool age in the process of generating the statements first acquire the linguistic meanings of words, expanding and expressing the hidden meanings, and then select appropriate for the design and expression of these values grammatical forms. Taking into account these phenomena makes it possible to study more precisely and more comprehensively the peculiarities of the development in children of a preschool age the internal and external operations of logical and sequential creation of the narration.
Keywords: narration, narrative speech, text, discourse, narrative, syntactic organization, preschool age.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 180-196 (pdf)
UDC: 37.015.311-053.4:165.15
Marshytska V.V.
Language: Ukrainian
Socialization of senior preschoolers is considered as a process and result of their social development and education, achievement of the optimal form of social activity, which makes it possible to transform their own lives and environment, to show readiness for initiative and creative interaction with a society. At the same time, the author defines the socio-cultural space as a general creative experience of the previous generations accumulated, enriched and transferred through a problematic form. Pedagogy of the past two centuries was based on educational postulates, on the optimistic belief in the power of the human mind, which might have led to the reconciliation and unification of various cultures and values, to the choice of the seemingly the only correct – a progressive trajectory of social development.
Nowadays, we can assert that the type of culture of relationships between generations has changed. The postfigurative culture, the earliest historical type, was characterized by the correlation of the young generations with the tradition, experience of previous generations, that is, life values were concentrated in the past. In the configurative culture, the center of values collision is modernity. A group of peers is more important than the experience of ancestors. Relationships between children and peers have become independent very early. In contrast to the previous types, the prefigurative culture in which we live is characterized by such rapid pace of transformation that it makes everybody – both children and adults – be condemned to a permanent creative living and different generations must become partners. At present, for children culture is not a set of social standards of knowledge, skills and abilities, but an open multi-dimensional system of problem-solving and creative tasks: the type of culture of relationships between generations has changed. Therefore, practice of interaction with children requires new models of education based on cooperation between adults and children.
Keywords: socialization, senior preschoolers, socio-cultural space, social experience, culture of personality, culture of society, education.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 196-207 (pdf)
UDC: 373.2.091 : 796.2
Puyo O.I.
Language: Ukrainian
The article is devoted to research of the process of formation of moral features of preschoolers by means of active games, such as courage, endurance, independence, friendliness, kindness. The author reveals the importance of organizing active games by teachers. The necessity of using them for the sake of social and spiritual growth of children is proved. The author analyzes their influence upon the personal development of preschoolers, exposes the important influence of the game on the child's social experience. The scientific study of the problem of the role of active games in the moral development of the child proves insufficient level of solution of this theme. The main role of their usage as a means of influencing preschoolers is played by the educator. The important influence of preschoolers' compliance with the rules of the game in order to educate the volitional personality is concluded in the article. It shows the importance of the game as a means of communication and the acquisition of skills of co-operation, interaction and empathy. The study distinguishes the conditions for the proper organization of active games with the aim of forming the moral features of the individual at the stage of preschool childhood. The educational function of the game is realized through the upbringing of such features of the child's character as empathy, honesty, determination, independence and initiative, ability to help and sociability. The article contains practical recommendations as for the organization of such games for preschoolers. The author argues that the use of mobile games requires from the mentor a positive emotional mood, as well as the ability to interest children to participate in them actively. Compliance with the rules of a game leads children to the awareness of moral norms of behavior and self-organization in the game.
Keywords: children of preschool age, active games, moral features, conditions for the organization of active games.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 207-218 (pdf)
UDC: 37.12 – 053.4 : [- 021.411 : 159.9.07]
Rahozina V.V., Ocheretiana N.V.
Language: Ukrainian
The authors analyze the approaches to the definition of the concept of “observation skills” in the psychological and pedagogical literature. They have defined the observation skills of a senior preschooler as a basic trait which is interrelated with the child’s mental processes. It is an ability to observe objects and phenomena of the surrounding world with a high degree of concentration and to emphasize on their essential and unimportant characteristic. The sources of the children’s observation skills are objective and natural worlds, social phenomena, people and art. Observation skills are developed with the acquisition of life experience and through learning, when children are accustomed to observe under the guidance of the teachers: to perceive information, to understand and interpret it.
The criteria and indicators of observation skills are the following: concentration on the object of observation, completeness, accuracy and independence of the observation and their indicators. The blocks of diagnostic tasks of different types have been offered in the process of artistic activity of the child in the preschool educational institution (discussion the content of the artistic work (painting), test and creative tasks – to draw, create a composition).
Keywords: observation skills, senior preschooler, criteria and indicators, diagnostics of observation skills.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 219-234 (pdf)
UDC: 37.03-053.4(043)
Reypolskaya O.D.
Language: Ukrainian
The recent society changes induce to the revision of the education development directions. So the modern education system is forced to form the base of understanding the world as permanently changing system. In which a personality is a permanently creator of this world and itself. The main result of this creation is the harmony of the person and the person in the world. This process increasing the interest to the pedagogical researches the questions of consciousness and forming the valued attitude to yourself. Understanding the nature of the relationship to yourself is impossible without study of methodological aspects of this phenomenon.
Thus, based on the analysis of research supporting understand the essence of value attitude to himself, formulated I. Bech, H. Kononko V. Slastenin, R. Shakurovym under value attitude to himself understand complex structure set of ideas, experiences and positive ratings for meaningful their individual qualities and achievements that contribute to the style of behavior and activity.
On the basis of philosophical, psychological and educational literature specified content, structural components, forms of "valuable attitude to yourself." However, the definition of the levels of, specific education value attitude to their pre-school children requires further study age and individual characteristics of value attitude to pre-school children. To highlight this aspect will focus on the following publications.
Keywords: relation, valued attitude, valued attitude toward yourself.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 234-250 (pdf)
UDC: 159.922.73
Savchenko Yи. Yи.
Language: Ukrainian
With increased destructive trends in all areas of human life, there is a problem of harmonious functioning of the system, which is a chain of "man-society-culture-nature". Proclaiming the absolute value of a man and his life in its integrity and harmony with the Universe and himself, modern science is characterized by the convergence of knowledge from different areas (biology, medicine, ecology, philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, etc.) aimed at solving spiritual, moral, educational and socio-cultural problems of the society.
One of the most effective tools which allow a person to experience multidimensionality of cultural life in all its forms and to harmonize the existence in the society is art. It is the most effective both educational and therapeutic tool. With this purpose, it is used in art therapy.
Art therapy is regarded as a creative technique that relies on the tools of art as a means of symbolic, non-verbal communication. Its implementation creates a favorable environment for establishing and maintaining positive relationships between the participants the therapeutic process, achieving personal and social therapeutic goals, determined individually.
Considered scientific views of scholars confirm that the therapeutic effect of art is not limited to purely therapeutic effect, and apply to achieve personal goals (the development of creativity, imagination, emotion, sensuality, spontaneity, achievement of inner freedom), is a means of self-development and self-realization.
Keywords: art therapy, art, aesthetic upbringing, therapeutic effect, preschool child.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 251-262 (pdf)
UDC: 316.752,159.923.2 – 053.4
SOLOVIOVA L.I.
Language: Ukrainian
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of acquiring values by a child of the senior preschool age. The psychological content of the concepts of "value", "value orientations" is revealed. It is noted that the adoption of values of the society by the child is done not through the direct copying of the values of significant adults, but as a result of their internal transformation taking into account the individual needs, interests, leading motives of the preschool child, personal experience of his worries, successes and failures in the activity.
Effectiveness of value orientations as regulators of a child’s behavior is determined by the level of development of leading personal growth of a senior preschool child, their influence on the harmonization of structural components of values. It is emphasized that the main way of acquiring values is through the inclusion of the child in an active interaction with the surrounding world in the process of game, subject-practical, cognitive activity; providing the opportunity of choice, manifestations of initiative and creativity.
Keywords: values, value orientations, socialization, acquiring values, child of senior preschool age.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 262-276 (pdf)
UDC: 37.015.3
Teslenko O.V.
Language: Ukrainian
The article deals with the interaction of teachers of preschool institutions and the family, the formation of value orientations in children and adults, contains practical educational experience of a properly organized reception of a child in the group in the morning and evening hours "from hand to hand".
Keywords: value orientations, cooperation with parents, shift of emphasis, emotional state, innovative forms and methods of work, targeted assistance.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 276-289 (pdf)
UDC: 373. 2 : 159. 922. 7
Tovkach I. Ye.
Language: Ukrainian
The article presents the content of the author’s method "Consider and recognize" – a psychological and pedagogical work with illustrated content for children of the senior preschool age with game and creative tasks for the organization of individual and group work with children of this age with works of fiction (riddles, poems, tales, including the author’s) in the conditions of the institution of preschool education and family, built on the results of psychological and pedagogical research on the individual peculiarities of cognitive activity of children older than school age in speech activity.
Keywords: individualization, individual characteristics, cognitive activity, a children under school age (a preschooler), methodology, the principlesetc.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 289-303 (pdf)
UDC: 316.614.6 – 053.4
Tokaryeva L.D.
Language: Ukrainian
The article highlights the problem of the specifics of the demonstration of terminal and instrumental values of senior preschool age children in a family environment. The author proves that the values of the preschool child are fully dependent and regulated by the attention and guidance of the adult. The article focuses on the activity support of the value orientation of the child, when the adult maintains and stimulates child’s activity by his presence, evaluation, model. It is proved that one can assert the formation of a person’s value orientation only when a certain value becomes a personal motive, a motive for action, a motive for the act, regardless of the presence of the adult.
Keywords: family, preschooler, value orientations, instrumental values, terminal values, regulatory action.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 304-318 (pdf)
UDC: 159.922.27:37.017.7, 316.6
Fedorchuk O.I.
Language: Ukrainian
The article analyzes the external factors that influence the formation of the basic foundations of spiritual growth in a child. The influence of models of relationships in the family on the formation of constructive / destructive behavior of the child is determined.
The article reveals the factor of emotional perception of the value of own Self in the process of formation of the child’s mental space. It is proved that the emotional perception of the value of own I stimulates the manifestation of the subject activity of the child. The main causes of depression of preschool children, manifestations of aggression, the formation of mental deafness are named. It is concluded that parents’ irresponsibility is the main factor of destructive behavior of preschool children, which requires separate research and development of methods for correction of parents’ attitude to the process of raising children in the family.
Keywords: preschooler, authoritarian families, parental responsibility, destructive behavior of preschoolers, family violence, aggression.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 318-331 (pdf)
UDC: 159.922:373.24
Chernov A.A.
Language: Ukrainian
In this article the problem of personalization of the preschool bringing up and education of early age children in the nursery school using the method of binary lessons in a pair “educator-psychologist” is revealed. It is also analyzed the opportunity of integration of such subjects as preschool pedagogy and children psychology based on the comparison of their objects, subjects and research methods.
Keywords: binary occupation, personality, cognitive development, emotional development, leading activity, leading need, attitude.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2018, 4(14): 331-353 (pdf)