Actual Problems of Psychology, Volume 6, Issue 16 – 2019
ABSTRACTS AND INFORMATION ABOUT AUTORS
UDC 159.98: 316.628: 364.2
Bevz H.M.
Institute of Social and Political Psychology National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article describes the notion of “social and psychological support” as a subject of interdisciplinary knowledge. The importance of taking into account the origins of its application, in particular in the field of social policy, as “social risks management” with practical implementation in the social protection system of the population is proved. Its psychological block has received wide representation in the field of human professional activity and searching of ways of mastering of probable risks by the person in normative-usual, extreme and extraordinary conditions of functioning. Proposed by the author on the basis of theoretical analysis, the level and evaluation parameters of social and psychological support for human activity in society include the following components: regulatory support, environment as conditions and means of activity, activity (its subject and activity itself) and expected effects (material, financial, economic, personal and emotional). It is argued that the scarce approach taken in the Soviet times in the formфешщт of social and psychological support requires a revision not only in the field of social policy but also concerning the technological approach itself in its application. The importance of taking into account the integration characteristics of social and psychological support, which form its expected effects, is proved. It is argued that psychological practices and social and psychological support in general, focused on the well-being of a person, is a perspective direction for the development of its sociality.
Keywords: social and psychological support, psychology of activity, risks of professional activity, conditions of activity.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 6-15 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.01
Grys A.M., Pavlyuk M.M.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article reveals self-image dynamic in the context of self-confidence and autonomy. The idea of psychological equilibrium influencing self-image development and autonomous behaviour is characterized. The unrealistic components of self-image, hindering development of motivation for self-improvement and autonomy, for extension of personal space boundaries, are distinguished. Self-image is examined through the prism of attaining of a certain status, which could lead to a temporary disappearance of goals if an individual is clinging to this acquired “status”, trying to protect, defend, and confirm it. Attention is drawn to the fact that, if internal self-image is distorted and unrealistic, reactions to external circumstances becomes inadequate. Feelings, actions, behaviour, deeds are the result of an individual’s perceptions and beliefs about Self. Understanding of this mechanism provides a benchmark for psychologists helping them develop psychological tools for changing both some personal traits and the holistic structure of Self. The article presents some examples of clients’ internal dialogues regarding their roles in interaction with themselves and with others that can be found in real life, where roles are constantly played.
The article concludes that new self-images allow people to practice new relationships with others and acquire new personal traits. The constant inner rehearsals of new self-image are based on the internal creative mechanism that takes care of an individual’s own Self and enables him/her to find the best possible option.
Keywords: psychological equilibrium, self-image, internal dialogues, integrity, autonomy.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 16-24 (pdf)
UDC 316.614
Moskalenko V.V.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article, on the basis of main theoretical positions about cultural-activity conception’s principles’ content and essence generalization, determines its place in the system of non-classical research paradigm. In particular, it is shown that from the standpoint of cultural-activity conception as a personality research non-classical paradigm, the paradox between the personality as a single and the community as universal, which has existed for centuries in classical science, is being solved. The following main points of cultural-activity theory as a methodology for personality research contribute to the solution of this paradox.
1. The shift of emphasis from the description of the external environment of man and the characteristics of his spiritual world to the determination of culture forms system, which accumulates in the specific historical activity of people universal ways of activity and communication, thus being the system of human formation, ensuring the development of the human personality.
2. Propositions on the personality development through the acquisition of cultural behavior historical forms, which is based on the “man - world” paradigm, according to which Man should be considered in unity with his World. Man opposes external reality not as a pure consciousness or isolated individual, but as an organized community, in relation to which the facts of the "individual psyche" are subordinate and derivative.
3. The principle of understanding the personality and its development as a principle according to which man and the world interact, form a special ontological reality, in which man is a system-forming factor. The main feature of the world is that it is always attributed to the subject; all its elements correlate with the purposeful activity of the subject. Therefore, the human world is a system of cultural and historical relations formed by a man in accordance with his goals and needs, which is concerted with the individual in accordance with his aptitudes, practical and spiritual abilities. It follows therefrom that the interaction of man and the world determines the parameter of significance.
Keywords: personality, non-classical paradigm, cultural-activity conception, culture forms system, human formation, “man-world” relation, human world, research categories system.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 25-35 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.072
Serdiuk L.Z.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article explores the peculiarities of relationship between self-attitude and attitudes to a partner. The consistency of these parameters is considered as a factor of marriage stability.
The participants of the study are 70 stable married couples. All of them were in their first marriage during up to 10 years, without noticed conflicts and contradiction in family relationships. Retrospective self-assessment and evaluation of their partners was used to identify the dynamics of personal traits and courses of marital compatibility.
The influence of contradictions existing in the system of self-assessment, expected evaluations and mutual evaluations of partners on their marital relations is revealed. The conditions for positive or negative dynamics of marriage compatibility were determined empirically. The prognoses for marital relations optimization are shown. The article states that conditions for tension in spouses’ perceptual interactions are created if self-assessment is higher than an evaluation of the partner and an expected assessment made by a partner is higher than the actual estimation given by the partner.
The conditions for contradictions and tensions are not created if an assessment of self-esteem is approximately the same as that of the partner and an expected assessment made by a partner coincides approximately with the actual estimation given by the partner.
So, partners’ personal characteristics become more conformed at the marriage life course, and their compatibility expressed in a psychological distance between them, acquires a positive dynamics over time. Negative personal changes that increase partners’ alienation take place when self-assessment exceeds an expected assessment made by a partner and when an expected assessment made by a partner exceeds the partner’s actual assessments.
Keywords: marital relationship, self-assessment, expected assessment, partner’s assessment, dynamics of compatibility, spheres of marital interactions.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 36-45 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.072
Turban V.V.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article explores social-cultural foundations of ethical ideas. In particular, communication is analyzed as a mechanism for moral judgment making. The theoretical considerations of V.A. Malahov (the social approach in philosophy), I. Kant (the transcendental approach), K. Ballestrem (identified contradictions in Kant’s ethical rigour) and other authors are discussed. The theoretical foundations are specified, based on which the ethical aspect of an individual’s sociality is covered. The concepts of “ethics” and “morality” are differentiated. On the basis of this difference, we can argue that morality is a social phenomenon formed within the social process, where communication acts as inter-actions - exchanges with moral judgments. Instead, ethics is viewed as the absolute; its ideas are understood intuitively and cannot be rationally justified.
The psychological aspect of the examined problem is that morality is a true reflection of social norms assimilated during personal socialization and reproduced in everyday life. However, there is a fundamental difference between ethics and morality; because ethical norms are not identical to social norms. Accordingly, the reflection over differences between ethical and social (moral) norms is leads to cognitive dissonance. This dissonance overcoming is possible according to the traditional schemes presented in the writings of L. Festinger. However, definitive, final overcoming of the cognitive dissonance concerning ethical and moral issues is not possible. Accordingly, a conflict, as an irreducible confrontation between ethical and moral standards, is an ethical-psychological fact of human existence. Since this contradiction cannot be overcome, it is necessary to achieve a kind of tolerance for this ethical-moral contradiction through experiences of everyday existence with reflection on the confrontation between ethics and morality.
Keywords: personality, ethical and moral development, sociality, communication, reflectivity, conflict, tolerance.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 46-55 (pdf)
UDC 159.923.2+159.972
Muzyka O.L., Goncharuk O.V.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
TMU В«PsychiatryВ», Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: Personal readaptation of people with mental disorders is regarded as a process of readjustment to life connected with awareness of mental changes, reconstruction and statement of personal identity in self-development, social relations and professional activity. Personal value adaptation resources are represented by four types of abilities: reflective, creative, communicative, and professional ones. It was revealed that personal identity changes dependent on a type of mental disorder. It was found that changes in self-image, self-attitude, and self-esteem lead to self-depreciation. It was shown that value support of self-development of abilities is an effective method of personal readaptation of women with mental disorders. It is a form of personalized psychological assistance which consists of reflection of current abilities and development of the new ones, forming of value attitude to abilities as to the resources which maintain personal self-identity, improving the quality of life, achieving the optimal level of independent functioning in the society.
Keywords: abilities, personal readaptation, personal values, mental disorders, self-development.
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18. Muzyka O. L. (2014) Referentni vidnosyny u rozvytku obdarovanoi osobystosti [Reference relationships in the development of gifted personality]. Osvitnie seredovyshche yak chynnyk stanovlennia obdarovanoi osobystosti: Рјonohrafiia / Za red. R. O. Semenovoi. Kyiv-Kirovohrad : Imeks LTD, 69-90 [in Ukrainian].
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20. Muzyka O. L. (2013) Spivvidnoshennia zdibnostei i obdarovanosti: subiektno-tsinnisnyi pidkhid [Value for ability: a value-based approach]. Aktualni problemy psykholohii: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu psykholohii imeni H.S.Kostiuka NAPN Ukrainy. Kyiv: Vyd-vo В«FeniksВ», 223-233 [in Ukrainian].
21. Muzyka O.L. (2016) Tsinnisna pidtrymka rozvytku osobystosti v kryzovykh zhyttievykh sytuatsiiakh [Valuable support for personality development in crisis situations]. Osobystist v umovakh kryzovykh vyklykiv suchasnosti: Materialy metodolohichnoho seminaru NAPN Ukrainy (24 bereznia 2016 roku) / Za red. S. D. Maksymenka. Kyiv, 167-175 [in Ukrainian].
22. Muzyka O. O. (2016) Referentni stosunky yak resurs dukhovnoho rozvytku studentiv [Reference relationships as a resource for students' spiritual development]. Osvitolohichnyi dyskurs, 3, 63-73. [in Ukrainian].
23. Nalchadzhian A. A. (2010) Psykholohycheskaia adaptatsyia: MekhanyzmС‹ y stratehyy [Psychological Adaptation: Mechanisms and Strategies]. M.: Рksmo, 368 [in Russian].
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25. Platonov K. K. (1986) Struktura y razvytye lychnosty [The structure and development of personality]. M.: Nauka, 256 [in Russian].
26. Pozalikarniana dopomoha ta psykhiatrychna reabilitatsiia pry vazhkykh psykhichnykh zakhvoriuvanniakh / Pid red. Jaap van Weeghel (2002) [Outpatient care and psychiatric rehabilitation for severe mental illness]. Kyiv: Sfera, 600 [in Ukrainian].
27. Psykholohichni zasady rozvytku obdarovanoi osobystosti v osvitnomu seredovyshchi: metodychnyi posibnyk / Za red. O. L. Muzyky (2015) [Psychological principles of development of gifted personality in the educational environment]. Kyiv-Zhytomyr: Vyd-vo ZhDU im. I. Franka, 146 [in Ukrainian].
28. Rubynshtein S. L. (2002) OsnovС‹ obshchei psykholohyy [Fundamentals of General Psychology]. SPb.: Pyter, 720 [in Russian].
29. Teplov B.M. (1985) YzbrannС‹e trudС‹ [Selected works]: V 2 t. M.: Pedahohyka, T.I., 328 [in Russian].
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32. Ianshyn P.V. (2004) Praktykum po klynycheskoi psykholohyy. MetodС‹ yssledovanyia lychnosty [Workshop on clinical psychology. Methods of personality research]. SPb.: Pyter, 336 [in Russian].
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 56-71 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.07: 616.895.4
Vizniuk I.M.
Vinnitsa State Pedagogical University named after Mikhail Kotsyubinsky, Vinnytsya
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article describes the hypochondriacal personality type, characterized by a focus on subjective unpleasant feelings and a desire to convey them to others, creating a situation of compassion and compassion. The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of manifestation of hypochondriacal disorders in persons with hypochondriacal symptoms for constructing their psychogram.
Methods. In the first phase of the study, a psychodiagnostic interview was conducted to determine the hypochondriacal mood of the subjects using the author's psychodiagnostic questionnaire. Persons with psychosomatic disorders and hypochondrial disorders (EG) were selected. In this aspect, we used associative and verbal experiments, performed complex clinical and psychoneurological (in particular, brain encephalogram) examination of patients. The method of chronometry was conducted, during which six chronotypes (Xm) with singular repetition of hypochondrial features in the behavior of the subjects were diagnosed, taking into account their involvement in professional activity according to the classification of professions by O. Klimov.
According to the results of the study, psychological features of the development of hypochondrial behavior and their clinical manifestations were established. The real psychosomatic causes of the origin and development of hypochondrial personality disorders at the stage of conducting a psychodiagnostic experiment in specialists of different professions and a group of persons of independent orientation by type "I" are highlighted. It is proposed for the first time to identify hypochondriacal personality disorders as psychogenic reactions, provoked by apparent psychosomatic disorders, which is caused by psychopathological factors (such as cancerophobia, syphilophobia, etc.) and is considered as a separate profession.
Conclusions. The basic structural components of the mechanisms of genesis of hypochondrial disorders as a destructive personality formation are substantiated. Relationships of personality development in the conditions of personality disadaptation and psychosomatic health have been revealed. The origin of symptoms that mimic bodily pathology is explained by the mechanisms of transformation that result from the lack of adaptive psychological protection.
Keywords: personality, hypochondriacal disorders, psychosomatic disorders, algorithm of chronobiological prognosis, model of psychocorrectional measures and psychotherapeutic help.
1. Kokun, O.M. (1999). Teoretychni ta praktychni zasady psykholohichnoho zabezpechennia profesiinoho stanovlennia osobystosti [Theoreticians and practical principles of psychological protection of professions and professional status]. Kyiv: В«UKRbВ», 201s. [in Ukrainian].
2. Maksymenko, S.D. (2008). Osobystist: prohnoz rozvytku i zhyttievyi shliakh [Personality: development forecast and life path.]. Psykholohichne oposeredkuvannia pedahohichnykh vplyviv na rozvytok osobystisnoi aktyvnosti v osvitnomu prostori ‒ Psychological mediation of pedagogical influences on personal activity development at education, (pp. 4‒35). Kyiv: DP «Informatsiino-analitychne ahentstvo» [in Ukrainian].
3. Vitenko, I.S. (1999). Zminy psyhiky pry somatychnyh rozladah actual`na problegma medychnoi` psyhologii [Changes in psyche pry somatychnyh rozladah actual`na problegma medychnoi` psychology]. Kyiv: Medychna osvita, в„–1, pp. 48-50. [in Ukrainian].
4. Vizniuk, I.M. (2017). Typolohichnyi analiz genezycu ipokhondrychnykh rozladiv osobystosti [A typological analysis of the genesis of hypochondriacal personality disorders]. Odessa: Nauka i osvita, в„– 9, C. 30-36. [in Ukrainian].
5. Vizniuk, I.M. (2019). Psykhosomatychni koreliaty v aspekti rozvytku ipokhondrychnoi povedinky osobystosti [Psykhosomatychni correlates in the aspect of rozvtku ipokhondrychnoi the river personality]. Kyiv: Psykholohichnyi chasopys, 8(7), pp. 174-188. [in Ukrainian].
6. Smulevich, A. B., & Volel, B.A. (2007). Tipologiia ipokhondricheskih razvitii v somaticheskoi klinike [Typology ofhypochondria development in a somatic clinic] Materialy rossiiskoi konferentsii В«Vzaimodeistvie nauki ipraktiki sovremennoi psikhiatriiВ». Moscow, October 9, pp. 87-88. [in Russian]
7. Stanovlennia osobystosti shkoliariv z riznymy navchalnymy dosiahnenniamy v ontohenetychnomu prostori : monohrafiia [The formation of the personality of students with different educational achievements in the ontogenetic space] a monograph. za red. M.T. Dryhus. Kirovohrad: Imeks-LTD, 2013. 154 s. [in Ukrainian].
8. Shevchenko L., Kryzhanovskyi A. (2018). Experimental verification of the efficiency of formation of trainee teachers professional competence with the use of Web technologies [Experimental verification of the efficiency of formation of trainee teachers’ professional competence with the use of Web technologies]. Information Technologies and Learning Tools. Vol 66. No 4. pp. 197—206. URL: https://journal.iitta.gov.ua/index.php/itlt/article/view/2112. (Web of Science (ESCI)) [in Ukrainian].
Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 72-82 (pdf)
UDC 159.98
Havrylovska K.P., Demianchuk Yu.Yu.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article considers the phenomenon of person`s hardiness. Hardiness is a trait of a person which provides individuals an opportunity to function efficiently and achieve their goals, as well as to maintain internal balance in difficult situations of life choice. Person`s hardiness includes three components: involvement (the presence of life goals and the satisfaction of their achievement); control (an active life position and the ability to choose one’s own life path); accepting a challenge (willingness to take reasonable risks in situations of uncertainty and the ability to use the experience gained; the ability to perceive changes as an opportunity for development and self-improvement). Hardiness is closely related to the subjectivity of the personality, its subjective well-being, the ability to successfully adapt to new conditions of activity and life-creation. One can create new or modify existing art-coaching techniques in order to form and develop person`s hardiness. Art coaching combines the techniques of classical coaching and various art therapy techniques. It provides an opportunity to clients both to find answers to some important questions in the field of the unconscious and to use their own resources to embodiment their desires. Three art-coaching techniques that give an opportunity to work with three components of hardiness, namely “involvement”, “control” and “ability to accept a challenge”, are presented in the article.
Keywords: hardiness, components of hardiness: involvement, control, ability to accept a challenge; art coaching.
1. Maddi S. Teorii lichnosti: sravnitelnyiy analiz / per. s angl. I. Avidona, A. Batustina, P. Rumyantsevoy. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatelstvo Rech, 2002. 539 p. [in Russion].
2. Maddi S. Smyisloobrazovanie v protsesse prinyatiya resheniy. Psihologicheskiy zhurnal. 2005. в„–6. P. 87-101. [in Russion].
3. Sotnichenko D. M. Zhiznestoykost kak psihologicheskiy fenomen. Ego znachenie v sovremennyih usloviyah sluzhbyi v armii. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Tomsk, 2009. Vip. 8 (86). P. 104-109. [in Russion].
4. Evtushenko E.A. Zhiznestoykost lichnosti kak psihologicheskiy fenomen. Lichnost, semya i obschestvo: voprosyi pedagogiki i psihologii: sb. st. po mater. LX mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2016. # 1(58). URL: https://sibac.info/conf/pedagog/lx/46481 (data zvernennya: 22.11.2019). [in Russion].
5. Titarenko T.M., LarIna T.O. ZhittEstIykIst osobistostI: sotsIalna neobhIdnIst ta bezpeka: navch. posIb. KiYiv: Marich, 2009. 76 p. [in Ukrainian].
6. Havrilovska K.P, Dem’yanchuk Yu.Yu. Zastosuvannya art-kouchingovih tehnIk u psihoterapevtichnIy robotI z podolannya PTSR. Post-travmatichniy stresoviy rozlad: doroslI, dIti ta rodini v situatsIYi vIyni. MIzhnarodne naukovo-praktichne vidannya / zag. red.: I. Manoha, G. Sobchuk. Tom I. Varshava - KiYiv: PAN - Gnozis, 2017. P. 7-20. [in Ukrainian].
7. Havrilovskaya K.P., Demyanchuk Yu.Yu. Kartyi В«Moy VOYaZhВ» (Tehniki: Moi otnosheniya, Semeynyie resursyi, Uroki partnerstva). Katalog metaforicheskih kart i tehnik. Kiev: Izdatelstvo PSIHOBUK, 2019. P. 111-114. [in Russion].
Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 83-90 (pdf)
UDC159.922.6:159.946.3-053.4
Greilich Рћ.
Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University, Pereiaslav
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of the preschool children’s speech development. The approaches to language teaching and speech development of preschool children are analyzed. The structural components of speech are revealed. The types of mastering the native language by preschool children are highlighted. The key psycholinguistic problem of preschool language education is emphasized, namely the correlation of communication and linguistic consciousness, which is the awareness of speech material. The role of communication as the main condition of automation of skills formed in the process of mastering the means of the native language is indicated. As we know, speech skills are speech operations on which the possibility of the correct construction and implementation of speech in preschool children depends. Communicativeness is considered as automation of skills that are formed in the process of intuitive sensory assimilation of native language means. Different views and features of assimilation of preschool children’s speech are presented. Attention is focused on the preschool children’s speech activity, which includes cognition, communication, regulation of behavior and self-expression, therefore requires consistent, constant, creative and daily practice of speaking. Language activity enables preschool children to express their own intentions, desires and aspirations.
Keywords: language, speech, speech skills, speech culture, communication, thinking, communicative competence, language competence, communicative and speech skills.
1. Gal’perin P. Ya. Lekcii po psihologii: ucheb. posobie [dlya student. vuzov]. M.: Knizhn. dom «Universitet»; Vysshaya shk., 2002. 400 s.
2. Kalmykova L. O. Perspektyvnist i nastupnist v navchanni movy y rozvytku movlennia ditei doshkilnoho i molodshoho shkilnoho viku: psykholinhvistychnyi i linhvometodychnyi vymiry: nav.-metod.pos. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi Dim В«SlovoВ», 2017. 448 s.
3. Kalmykova, L.O., Kharchenko, N.V., Demianenko, S.D., Poriadchenko L.A. Rozvytok movlennia ditei starshoho doshkilnoho viku: monohrafiia. K.: Vyd-vo В«PP MedviedievВ», 2007. 304 s.
4. Leont’ev A. A. Yazyk i rechevaya deyatel’nost’v obshchej i pedagogicheskoj psihologii: izb. psihol. tr. M.: Mosk. psihol.-soc. in-t; Voronezh: NPO «MODEK», 2001. 447 s.
5. Leont’ev A. N. Lekcii po obshchej psihologii. Pod red. D. A. Leont’eva, E. E. Sokolovoj. M.: Smysl, 2000. 511 s.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 91-97 (pdf)
UDC 159.956.2
Gubenko O.V.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: One of the main issues of psychology of creativity - is the question of how new (new ideas, hypotheses, images, etc.) arising from the old (now known theories, ideas and systems of knowledge). It should be noted that in many cases the new creation is on the border conflict. The contradiction is not an obstacle to the truth as it is considered in formal logic (to be ambiguous). In logic, as you know, the statement is correct or incorrect, and no third option. Instead, the contradiction is the necessary condition of existence truth. This situation is reflected in the principle of complementarity formulated N. Bohr. In this regard, the logic of creativity is the logic of a paradox, and comes into conflict with Aristotelian logic. Contradiction and synthesis of opposites are the source of the creativity of the new. The laws of the “paradox logic”, in our opinion, are the basis of many well-known forms of flow and methods of stimulating of creative thinking. Among them, we can name bisociative thinking, “Janusian thinking”, the method of focal objects, the Zwicky’s method of morphological analysis, a number of Altshuller’s techniques for activating inventive thinking, the method of garlands associations of Bush, and some others. The historian of science Daniel Danin, based on the above, considered the possibility of creating a new science – «centauristics» as the science of combination of incongruous things. The article describes the author's method of creation of creative products through a combination of unconnected ideas and concepts. This technique is designed to develop the intellectual talents of students and youth.
Keywords: creative thinking, contradictions, new creation, synthesis of opposites, methods of development of inventive thinking.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 98-102 (pdf)
UDC 316.6
Dembytska N.M.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of an implementation of the game practice developed by us as an effective tool to motivate parents to be responsible in respecting the children’s rights to a personal space. It is shown that parental attitude is a main factor in the harmonious development of a child's privacy. It is found that the actualization of the experience of deprivation of rights to personal territory, things, tastes and preferences received by the participants in childhood during the game promotes their awareness of an adult attitudes’ role in a children personal space development and determines the positive effects of socialization, which already is observed in adulthood: an dependent, conformal personality is prone to co-dependent relationships and therefore unable to successfully manage interaction with the world.
Results of the game indicate the experience of deprivation of psychological space in childhood can be actualized in adulthood as a feeling of support lack in oneself, loss of value of one's own world. This is due to the fact that since childhood it has formed the inability to control and protect everything that occurs inside personal space, has not developed the ability to control own life, which is associated with the freedom of individual choice. Accordingly, in adulthood, the experience of lack of control leads to the absolutisation of an environment psychological pressure, turns a mechanisms of his mastery and the immeasurable interference to a private life and the undermining of the personal security area. As a consequence, such person in adult life also is incapable of protect the integrity of the boundaries of this area. Therefore he/she is not able to maintain the integrity and sovereignty of one's Self, to assert the personal privacy and to rely on this capacity for making an independent decision.
The necessity in the providing of psychological support to parents as agents of children's privacy development is substantiated.
Keywords: personal autonomy, privacy, personal psychological space, game socializing practice, personal property, deprivation of the right to personal property.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 103-109 (pdf)
UDC 316.62: 316.613.432: 316.613.434
Zarembo N.A., Maslikhova M.P., Mikitina S.V.
Odesa National Maritime University, Odesa
Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa
Odessa National Medical University, Odesa
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of a study on peculiarities of the psychological adaptation of students of the specialty "Sea and river transport" (hereinafter nautical students) to the specific conditions of future work.
The features of socio-psychological adaptation, aggressive reactions and psychological difficulties of this category of students are revealed. Comparative analysis of the severity of the integral indicators of the psychological adaptation of nautical students and humanities students, whose studies do not imply practical training in extreme conditions of work and studying.
Keywords: socio-psychological adaptation to the future professional activities of the sailor; students of the specialty "Sea and river transport"; Psychological adaptation to the specific conditions of future work; students studying in the specialty "Sea and river transport"; severity of aggressive reactions; psychological difficulties in the process of professional development.
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9. Noskova O.G. Psihologija truda / Pod red. E.A. Klimova. M.: Izdatel'skij centr В«AkademijaВ», 2004. 384 s.
10. Pazynich G.I. Osobennosti sovremennoj prakticheskoj podgotovki specialistov sudovozhdenija dlja promyslovyh sudov. Modernizacija vysshego obrazovanija i problemy upravlenija kachestvom podgotovki specialistov. Teoreticheski-metodicheskie i prakticheskie problemy podgotovki specialistov pri stupenchatoj sisteme obrazovanija: materialy VIII Vseukrainskoj nauchno-metodicheskoj konferencii Har'kov. 2010. S. 221-223.
11. Rodzhers K.R. Sovremennaja psihologija: teorija i praktika. M.: Institut obshhegumanitarnyh issledovanij, 2015. 200 s.
12. Rymina T.N., Pjatyrova E.V. Osobennosti vozdejstvija stressa na rabotnikov plavsostava v uslovijah raboty v more. Zdorov'e. Medicinskaja jekologija. Nauka. 2014. в„–4 (58). S. 103-105.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 110-117 (pdf)
UDC 159.92
Ivanova V.
Mukachevo State University, Mukachevo
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article has described the psychological peculiarities of younger pupils, described the features of the development of creative abilities of younger students in extracurricular activities. It has been presented the structure of creative abilities of the younger schoolchildren, including cognitive (knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to the realization of the child in different types of activity); motivational (motives, interests, needs that motivate the younger student to creative activity) and emotional (positive attitude of the younger student to the performed activity, to the teacher, emotional self-realization in the process of performing non-standard tasks) components.
The author of the article has determined the advantages of extracurricular activities in comparison with teaching in the development of students' creative abilities, which is that, first, it is based on the principle of voluntariness (children themselves choose occupations according to their interests), and secondly, it includes the possibility of using the synthesis of arts (music, painting, literature), thirdly, in the framework of this activity, it is possible to use methods of active learning, activation of psychological mechanisms that will contribute to the development of creative abilities of younger students.
Keywords: creative abilities, younger students, extracurricular activities.
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6. Ylyn E. P. Motyvatsyia y motyvС‹. Sankt-Peterburg: Pyter, 2000. 288 s.
7. Moliako V. A. Psykholohyia reshenyia shkolnykamy tvorcheskykh zadach. Kiev, 1983. 94 s.
8. Mukhyna V. S. Vozrastnaia psykholohyia: fenomenolohyia razvytyia, detstvo, otrochestvo. Moskva, 2003. 456 s.
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10. Sukhareva A. P. Aktyvyzatsyia tvorcheskoi deiatelnosty mladshykh shkolnykov na zaniatyiakh po YZO: dys. ... kand. ped. nauk: 13. 00.02 / Omskiy gos. ped. un-t. Omsk, 2000. 205 s.
11. Tarasova S. L. Rol voprosov v ponymanyy teksta mladshymy shkolnykamy. VoprosС‹ psykholohyy. 2006. в„– 4. S. 40в€’47.
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13. Iakovleva, E. L. Psykholohyia razvytyia tvorcheskoho potentsyalam shkolnykov: dys. ... d-ra psykhol. nauk: 19. 00. 07 / Moskov. psihol.-sotsial. in-t. Moskva, 1997. 368 s.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 118-126 (pdf)
UDC 159.923.2
Kyrychenko V.V.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The paper presents the results of a study of the level of development of information culture among civil servants and representatives of technical professions. We have put forward a definition of the concept of “information culture” and described its levels: technologic and socio-psychological. Information culture is a component of the general personality culture and determines the way in which it interacts with the information space. Within our study, socio-occupational invariants that are part of the personality information culture form two fundamentally different levels of personality information culture. The technological level of information culture refers to the ability of a social relations entity to interact with digital information technologies, to use ICT and its functionality. Socio-psychological level of information culture is related to the ability of the subject of social relations to analyze the processing of information and use it for social activity. According to the results of our research, we have found that in the representatives of technical professions and civil servants the socio-psychological level of information culture is at the stage of formation. The technological level of information culture remains at a high level of development. The results obtained indicate that the development of competencies that are part of the technological and socio-psychological levels of information culture is not limited by the conditions of a particular professional environment and begin to form at the early stages of socialization.
Keywords: information society, information culture, social competences, professional activity, socionomic professions, technonomic professions.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 127-136 (pdf)
UDC 159.923
Kritska A.M.
State University of Infrastructure and Technology, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article represents the results of a theoretical study of methods of activating professional creativity. It is determined that the development of professional creativity is one of the main tasks of modern education and requires the introduction of special psychological technologies and methods that allow to develop the unique creative potential of a future specialist in the way of his/her professional training.
It is stated that such methods as «Brainstorming», inversion method, empathy method, SCAMPER method, Walt Disney’s method, E. Bono's «6 Hats Method» can be used to activate professional creativity. Each of these methods can be combined with the other and have a number of modifications.
It is determined that the methods of activating professional creativity should be used in the educational environment of higher education institutions for the future professionals and teachers as well.
The aspects for further research are to develop a program for the development of professional creativity in the educational environment of higher education.
Keywords: creativity, methods of activating creativity, professional creativity, creative activity.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 137-143 (pdf)
UDC 159.923
Kuprieieva O.I.
Taras Shevchenko National University Of Kyiv, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of the features of the time perspective in the context of students' self-realization. A comparative analysis of the time perspective of conditionally healthy students and students with disabilities is carried out. The relationship of the time perspective with life-meaning orientations, self-relation and self-realization of the personality of students is revealed.
It has been established that the time perspective, the value-semantic content of time modes and the holistic perception of oneself in time contribute to the successful self-realization of students' personalities.
Keywords: time perspectives, self-realization, self-relation, life-meaning orientations, students with disabilities.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 144-153 (pdf)
UDC 159.923.32
Kutishenko V.P., Patynok O.P., Sidorkin V.
Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv
National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article reveals the essence of the religious values concept, their social and individual aspects. It was analyzed approaches for understanding the problem of religiosity and spiritual values of the individual in psychological researches. The relationship between religious values and the individual spiritual body functioning is highlighted. The advantages of Christian spiritual and moral values over secular morality and the importance of appealing to religious values as the basis for the formation of the individual's moral and value scope are substantiated. A comparative analysis of the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of the moral and value sphere of the parishioners of the Orthodox Church and those who do not need to attend the temple, as well as of groups with internal and external religious orientation, is presented.
Keywords: religious values, personality's moral and value scope, spiritual values, transcendence, religious morality, spirituality, external religiosity, internal religiosity.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 154-164 (pdf)
UDC 159.91
Mazyar O.V.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The natural-scientific and humanitarian paradigms in psychology do not provide the conditions for a relevant study of the process of human mental self-regulation. The reason for this lies in the theoretical unresolving of the psychophysical problem during an open crisis in psychology. Physiology and psychology could not integrate into a single theoretical and methodological system for the study of human mental activity. Therefore, psychology reverts to the philosophical paradigm of research, which is updated through the introduction of standardized research procedures and the use of mathematical methods. The article suggests an approach to the study of the physiological aspect of neuropsychic activity within the natural scientific paradigm, and the cognitive – by the methods of the humanitarian paradigm. Their general theoretical position is that the basis of the human psyche is the basic psychic contradiction between the first and second signal systems, biological needs and social requirements. Such interaction acquires the contrapuntal nature, when oppositional mental activity factors act simultaneously, but in coordination. In this case, the elementary mental unit is binary in structure and contrapuntal in content, which causes consideration of mental development from the standpoint of double contradiction. The contrapuntal dissonance of this indicator causes the appearance of a wide range of mental disorders.
Keywords: natural-scientific paradigm, humanitarian paradigm, absurdity, personal counterpoint, psychophysiology.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 165-172 (pdf)
UDC 316.77
Malieieva N. S.
Institute of Social and Political Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article analyzes the general conceptual provisions for the study of communicative technologies in psychology. It should be noted that modern Ukrainian society is characterized by the emergence and dissemination of fundamentally new forms of communication based on social partnership, healthy competition, legal and social equality of all members of the society, on the rational settlement of conflicts and disputes.
The article highlights the features of the process of communication and technological settlement of social conflicts in social Internet networks. The essence of the concepts of В«communicative technologiesВ», В«communicative online technologiesВ», В«communicative and technological conflict resolutionВ» is considered. The specifics of the communication technology of online interposition in the process of social conflict settlement in the online online space are analyzed. The stages of designing communication technology (analytical, organizational, communicative, final, corrective), algorithm of technology implementation in the space of social Internet networks have been developed. The principles of operation, performance criteria and recommendations for using online interposition technology are presented.
Keywords: social networks, social conflict, communication technologies, communication and technological conflict resolution, online.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 173-181 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.075
Motruk T., Vertel A.
Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko, Sumy
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The youthful age is characterized by the staging of high and sometimes overstated goals and lack of personal maturity. The main psychological state of adolescence is personal self-determination or the establishment of the first holistic identity form.
The psychological health regulator of modern youth is emerging phenomena such as the cult of success, power, knowledge, which provoke anxiety, depression, other disorders of the human emotional sphere. For adolescents, the decisive factor is the crisis of the meaning of life. The basis of its experience is the search and definition of the sense of life. In youth age, perfectionism can be seen as a positive phenomenon associated with giftedness, moral self-improvement, and self-development. The concept of "self-development" is often confused with related ones categories (equates to educational activities, self-knowledge). The phenomenon of narcissistic perfectionism can be manifested in full withdrawal from social activity and in general from any activity. The multidimensional scale of perfectionism allowed us to determine the total perfectionism in the subjects. Most commonly it is observed as average on the scales of the "focus on yourself", "on others" and "socially oriented." It is found that increased perfectionism, directed at others, decreases socially conditioned perfectionism and vice versa: the desire to match the social demands, reduces claims that directed at others.
Keywords: perfectionism, adolescence, self-realization, self-development, self-improvement, anxiety.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 182-192 (pdf)
UDC 159.923
Muzyka O.Рћ.
Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: A comparative study of students with signs and no signs of giftedness showed that an important condition for axiogenesis is the development of self-efficacy as a personality-value formation, which is included in the processes of professional and personal self-development. With the help of the author's questionnaire "Student Self-efficacy Profile" it is established that students who have achievements, in comparison with students who do not have achievements, show higher scores on all scales (goals and motives, abilities, reflection, resilience to failure, self-development). As a result of factor modeling, personality and value factors of students' self-efficacy development are highlighted, which should be taken into account in the development of training programs: 1) determination of the far and near goals related to mastering the profession; 2) development of leadership based on subjective activity and self-development of abilities; 3) development of freedom in overcoming difficulties; 4) development of reflection of achievements and fixation of personal value experience.
Keywords: axiogenesis, giftedness, personal values, professionalization, subjective activity, self-efficacy.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 193-204 (pdf)
UDC 159.923 + 159.928+373.3
Nykonchuk N.O., Muzyka O.O., Zagurska I.S.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article analyzes the psychological obstacles in the development of the ability of elementary school students with high levels of academic achievement (insufficient number of reasoned differentiated advanced evaluative judgments, which contain not only the characteristics of the achieved result, but also the process of work performance, dynamics of achievement and the efforts made by the student; students in the educational process, lack of value exchange between children in the learning process, competition, envy and social pressure; partial impairment of students educational abilities as a reliable source and self-appreciation). Coping strategies used by schoolchildren to overcome psychological barriers (reorientation to recognition in other social groups (family, relatives); reorientation to the development of abilities in extracurricular activities (life, leisure, etc.); concealing achievements and avoiding open appreciation teacher's side). The basic directions of value support of development of abilities of younger pupils with high level of educational achievements are outlined.
Keywords: primary schoolchildren, academic performance, abilities, reflection, value support.
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3. Muzyka O.L. (2008) Subiektno-tsinnisnyi analiz rozvytku tvorcho obdarovanoi osobystosti: terminolohichnyi aspekt [Subject-value analysis of creatively gifted personality development: terminological aspect]. Visnyk Prykarpatskoho universytetu. Filosofski i psykholohichni nauky. Spetsialnyi vypusk. Ivano-Frankivsk: VDV TsIT, 59-64 [in Ukrainian].
4. Muzyka O.L., Nykonchuk N.O. (2016) Rozvytok zdibnostei molodshykh shkoliariv zasobamy usnoi narodnoi tvorchosti: navch. posibnyk dlia studentiv vyshchykh navchalnykh zakladiv [Development of abilities of younger students by means of oral folk art]. Zhytomyr: Vyd-vo ZhDU im. I. Franka, 200 [in Ukrainian].
5. Muzyka O.Рћ., Topolnytska O.O. (2017) Otsiniuvannia navchalnykh dosiahnen pershoklasnykiv: psykholohichni aspekty [Assessing first-graders' academic achievement: Psychological aspects]. Molodyi vchenyi. в„–1 (41), 238-241 [in Ukrainian].
6. Nykonchuk N.O. (2009) Refleksyvno-tsinnisna rehuliatsiia rozvytku uchbovykh zdibnostei u molodshomu shkilnomu vitsi [Reflective-value regulation of the development of educational abilities at primary school age] (PhD Thesis), Kyiv, 282 [in Ukrainian].
7. Psykholohichni zasady rozvytku obdarovanoi osobystosti v osvitnomu seredovyshchi: metodychnyi posibnyk / Za red. O. L. Muzyky (2015) [Psychological principles of development of gifted personality in the educational environment]. Kyiv-Zhytomyr: Vyd-vo ZhDU im. I. Franka, 146 [in Ukrainian].
Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 205-214 (pdf)
UDC 159.922.8
Portnytska A., Portnytska N., Savichenko O.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: Fast and eventful pace of modern life makes life stressful and negative emotions causes more detailed investigation of psychological well-being. Studying and professional activity can cause decreasing of adaptation and depletion of internal resources, which in turn leads to a decrease in the psychological well-being of the individual.
Description of psychological well-being factors is described in the article. It is concentrated on female youth who are included into studying activity at school/university. During the research was used “Scale of psychological well-being 26” (developed by WOOHC) and opened questionnaire about girls` needs.
The study found that the psychological well-being of adolescents attending university is slightly higher than that of girls attending school. This may be associated with greater autonomy and a range of choices.
It was found out, that the lowest factor for all girls is physical health factor. Girls, who has work or social activity has lower level of satisfaction with theirs own physical health. Additional activity forms bigger load for person and decrease quantity of time for renewing energy.
Analyzing responses in questionnaire, girls points, that verity of available activities allows to satisfy the need in social contacts and physical activity.
Keywords: СЂsychological well-being, psychological health, youth, extracurricular activities.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 215-221 (pdf)
UDC 159. 922.6
Portnytska N.F., Savychenko O.M., Tychyna I.M.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: Mental health is analyzed in the context of the absence of mental disorders, as well as in relation to the level of social activity and vital competence. Child and adolescent mental health problems are considered to be multidisciplinary and complex. The importance of caring for the mental health of the population at the state level for the social and economic well-being of the country is argued.
Particular attention is paid to the problem of child and adolescent mental health. The main mental disorders that can occur in childhood and adolescence are reviewed and the causes of their occurrence are outlined.
Perspective areas of work in the field of mental health of children and adolescents and effective psychological interventions that can be applied at different levels are analyzed.
The universal and narrowly focused ways of caring for the mental health of children and adolescents are reviewed in the article. For example, effective methods of preventing behavioral, depressive, anxiety disorders, aggression and violence, PTSD and more are discussed.
Conclusions and generalizations about possible ways of preventing mental disorders in childhood and adolescence are presented. It is concluded that the school can be a space for implementation a of programs for prevention of mental disorders.
Keywords: mental health, mental disorders, prevention of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 222-229 (pdf)
UDC 159.922
Portnytska N., Solozhentseva M., Tychyna I.
Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko, Zhytomyr
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: One of the current trends of today's society is the introduction of inclusive education. It should improve the socialization of children, facilitate the formation of parent-child relationships and, as a consequence, enhance the psychological well-being of both children and parents. At the same time, a number of factors can complicate professional and personal self-realization of parents. One of the list – children`s disability.
Description of the psychological well-being factors of mothers, who have children with disabilities, is described in the article. During the research “Scale of psychological well-being” (Elioth) and elements of associative experiment were used. These methods gave us opportunity to analyse resource component of psychological well-being of mothers, who are growing up children with disabilities.
Due to the results of the research, we found out, that mothers, whose children are studying in inclusive classes has lower level of psychological well-being. Possible reason of it can be low adaptiveness to current life situation.
Representatives of all groups were found to be sufficiently satisfied with their health, but a lack of self-control, ways of expressing negative emotions and optimism reduced the sense of psychological well-being. By results, for mothers whose children are learning through inclusive education and in ordinary classes, health and communication with loved ones are life-span resources. Including these two factors, mothers, whose children are studying in ordinary classes, has additional resource – work. Mothers, whose children are studying in special schools, resources spheres are work and personal achievements. Common sphere for all moms is support (incoming and inner) and a feeling of tension.
Analysis of the content of the category "psychological well-being" confirms the opinion that living a child in the family, the experience of daily interaction with his/her, engaging in multidirectional social contacts is an important factor in the psychological well-being of not only the child itself, but also parents (in particular, mothers).
Keywords: psychological well-being, specialized education, resaurces, inclusive education.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 230-237 (pdf)
UDC 159.913-05
Prymachok L.L.
National University of Water Management and Nature usage, Rivne
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article deals with the problem of features of the professional activity of a specialist in a field of physical rehabilitation. The factors that determine the success of the professional activity of a specialist in a field of physical rehabilitation were outlined. The integral characteristics of the professional competence of a specialist in a field of physical rehabilitation have been determined. These characteristics are: the orientation of a specialist’s personality; professional competence of a specialist who works in a field of physical rehabilitation; the emotional flexibility; the behavioral flexibility of a specialist; the intellectual flexibility.
The structure of the professional competence of this specialist was proposed. It was stated that this structure included some components (a cognitive component, a social-psychological one and a value-semantic component), each of which contains some structural components (or subcomponents).
It was shown that the success of the intellectual activity of a specialist in a field of physical rehabilitation would depend to a large extent on the ability to formulate specific problem-solving strategies on the basis of a familiar cognitive style, on the effectiveness of the person’s individual cognitive acquired styles and strategies, as well as the flexibility of using style’s components.
The author of the article stressed that for the successful realization of the professional activity of a specialist in a field of physical rehabilitation there were some important factors, such as: creative thinking, in the structure of which there were different types of flexibility of the person’s thinking: the originality; the ability to create a non-standard product; the ability to rethink the features of a particular object, to use those features in a new cognitive environment; the adaptive flexibility, the ability to non-standard changes due to the problem situation; the ingenuity; the independence of judgments; the intuition; a high level of efficiency; easy adaptability to learning; a high level of initiative, persistence in achieving the goal.
Keywords: a professional activity, the professional competence, physical rehabilitation, the emotional flexibility, the behavioral flexibility, the intellectual flexibility.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 238-250 (pdf)
UDC 159.99.
Sukhenko Ya. V.
University of Educational Management, National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article deals with the relationship between educators' assessment of and attitude to their personal educational pathway and their personal development. The personal educational pathway is considered as a functional structured system, which includes result-aware and emotionally evaluative components, and is characterized by variability and dynamism, internal and external relations, forms of cognition and the educational process conditions. Based on these parameters, six types of educators' assessment of and attitude to their own educational path have been identified. The educators' personal potential has been divided into seven typological profiles. The author analyzes the relationships between the educators' educational pathway and their personal potential and personal development. The educational pathway is assessed as routine mainly at the stagnant and pre-crisis stage of personal development, when the personal potential is maximized; as scarce and chaotic at the crisis and post-crisis stage, when the personal potential as the self-regulation potential hardly manifests itself; and as bothersome, tactical-promoting at the stage of stabilization of personal development and moderate manifestation of personal potential. The results of the study may be helpful for designing educators' personal educational pathway. The follow-up research will focus on the development of a system of psychological support for educators' designing and following personal educational pathway as well as for educators' personal potential development.
Keywords: personal educational pathway, personal potential, self-regulation potential, personal development, personal change.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 251-261 (pdf)
UDC 159.98
Kharchenko N.A.
Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the organization of dialogical interaction of children with different types of giftedness in the context of building elite education, outlines the role of the psychologist in the coordination of extracurricular activities of teenagers, considers the importance of social competence in the formation of the future Ukrainian elite. For nearly a century, scholars have sought to understand, measure, and explain giftedness. Succeeding theories and empirical investigations have often built on earlier work, complementing or sometimes clashing over conceptions of talent or contesting the mechanisms of talent development. Some have even suggested that giftedness itself is a misnomer, mistaken for the results of endless practice or social advantage. Conventional definitions of talent used by those scholars can therefore be placed on a continuum ranging from completely innate to completely acquired, but such a continuum still needs to be described. Second, we argue that the position of talent on the innate-acquired continuum has important implications for talent management in practice and can solve some of the ambiguities that still characterize the field. We argue that an organization’s position on this continuum entails important implications for its design of talent management practices, which we discuss extensively. Giftedness reflects the values of society; is typically manifested in actual outcomes, especially in adulthood; is specific to domains of endeavor; is the result of the coalescing of biological, pedagogical, psychological, and psychosocial factors; and is relative not just to the ordinary (e.g., a child with exceptional art ability com-pared to peers) but to the extraordinary (e.g., an artist who revolutionizes a field of art). In general, the training program we have implemented for the school press center has proved effective. This is evidenced not only by the regular publication of the newspaper and the coordinated work of the team, but also by the fact that many graduates subsequently became students of the faculties of journalism, publishing, etc. In addition, students who have selected IT-related majors are now working on TV channels, newspapers, and online publications. Thus, coordination of psychologists with the dialogic interaction of adolescents with different types of giftedness in extracurricular activities, promotes the development of adolescents' abilities, expanding their role repertoire, the formation of communicative competence, as well as social intelligence in general, which in general creates the conditions for becoming active and productive representatives of society of the Ukrainian elite.
Keywords: dialogic interaction, giftedness, social competence, team approach, educational process.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 262-268 (pdf)
UDC 159.9
Chaika G.V.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the overview of the studies conducted both in Ukraine and abroad in order to find the positive effects of computer games on their users. The article show that computer games influence human cognitive development: memory, attention, thinking and intellectual functions in general. There are studies that show that gamers have better attention, in particular, better concentration and selectivity, large volume and a wider field of attention. Gamers are able to make quick and confident decisions in an uncertain situation; moreover, a decision-making speed does not affect its correctness. Computer gamers can better handle multitasking. People who play computer games are more persistent in solving of complex problems and more open to new experiences. Also, computer games are effective in cognitive function supporting at aging.
The game can change an individual’s self-image and locus of control. Games reduce stress and boost mood. The impact of computer games on players’ social activity and their communication skills with the environment is discussed. It is suggested that computer games can be a safe place to experiments with social interactions for vulnerable people. It is shown that games can also stimulate imagination and creativity. Positive correlations between creativity and passion for computer games displayed by players of all ages suggest that a widespread view that computer game activities have a negative effect on the creative and intellectual abilities of children, adolescents and adults is most likely unfair.
The findings state that games can be useful for psychological development, though the purpose of their creation is purely entertaining. As a traditional game is a source of development for a young child, a computer game can stimulate certain personal characteristics and traits of an adult.
Keywords: computer games, gamers, psychological influences, cognitive development, fantasy, creativity.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 269-278 (pdf)
UDC159.9:81
Chykhantsova O.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: Life in this century has provided people with diversity and possibility in communication with the corresponding increase in intercultural communication. Therefore, foreign language teaching and learning in universities should not only be instrumental, but it should set a new goal to train students with intercultural communicative competence to meet the needs of our globalized world.
The field of foreign language learning has been an issue of debate for a long time. With the later trends in language teaching approaches and methodology, communicative competence has become the main aim for foreign language learning.
The article deals with the role of foreign language communicative competence and the problem of forming foreign language skills in communication that influence on the development of the person in the process of education in higher education institutions. Communicative competence means having вЂa competence to communicate’. This competence can be oral, written or even nonverbal. It is an inclusive term that refers to possessing the knowledge of the language as well as the skill to use the language in real life situations for fulfilling communicative needs.
It is determined that communicative competence implies the appropriate skills, the formation of which is a prerequisite for learning a foreign language in the educational environment. The results of the experiment allowed us to establish the psychological specificity of the process of mastering a foreign language.
Communicative competence is considered as a factor of personal development in the process of effective mastering of foreign languages. Foreign communicative competence is a recent notion and there is no clear consensus about what it is. Sometimes this term is referred to as global competence, international competence, multicultural competence, and so forth.
Keywords: personality, foreign communicative competence, mastery of a foreign language.
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Harmer J. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Pearson, 2012. 448 p.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2018.1461898
Petrie G. M., Avery L. Identifying our approaches to language learning technologies: improving professional development. English Teaching Forum, 2011. Vol. 49. № 3. Р. 2–17.
Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 279-286 (pdf)
UDC 159.928
Shcherbakova Рћ.Рћ.
State Institution "Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kharkov
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of an empirical study of the typology of academically successful and academically unsuccessful students, which involves considering the relationship between the level of intelligence, creativity, internal and external motivation, as well as general and partial academic performance. Six types of academic abilities are characterized: for academically successful younger adolescents, these are “Academically gifted teens who are successful in schooling” and two compensatory types of “Externally motivated teens who are successful in schooling” and “Uncreative motivated teens who are successful in schooling”, for academically unsuccessful younger teens - “Ungifted unsuccessful in schooling teens”, “Intrinsically motivated partial successful in schooling teens”, “Amotivated unsuccessful in schooling" The features of the distribution of students of the gymnasium and students of the project "Intellect Ukraine" by types of academic abilities are determined.
Keywords: intelligence, creativity, motivation, academic ability, academic performance, younger adolescents.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 287-293 (pdf)
UDC 159.955/.956.2+316.62
Husieva N.
Institute of Social and Political Psychology National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In the article on the basis of theoretical researches of interdisciplinary knowledge in psychology, sociology, philosophy and economic theory the notion of “irrationality” in comparison with the notion of “rationality” is revealed. The appeal to the processes of irrationality is caused by the deployment of numerous social processes under pressure. The purpose of the article is to define the notion of irrationality in terms of different scientific knowledge and to outline the directions of its study in the context of human behavior and decision making. It is argued that in the scientific literature, the phenomenon of irrationality is analyzed in terms of the extent to which cognitive processes are included in cognition, as well as the ability to predict and effectively select goals and means of its achievement. It is associated with rapid processes of emotional evaluation, where lack of consistency and systematicity can be combined with the presence of certain reactions patterns that are formed by the individual experience of the subject and may not always be amenable to logic, and the prognosis of cognition, thereby acquiring negative nuance and pointing to probable life risks. It is supposed that the persistence of the assessment of irrationality as a negatively presented social phenomenon may be related to the negative manifestation of its social consequences of the corresponding behavior of both individual and group subjects. It is concluded that the traditional study of the category of irrationality on the basis of opposition raises questions about the criterion of differentiation, such as: the possibility or lack of cognition itself, correlation with the sphere of conscious or unconscious, logical or illogical. It is argued that such a traditional description of the notion of “irrationality” in dichotomous categories limits the disclosure of its essential characteristics and hides the integration effects of its positive side. The distinguishing and study of these integration effects can extend further research of irrationality phenomenon, as well as its role in the context of decision-making, common sense, the development of daily life and life experience.
Keywords: irrationality, rationality, thinking, emotional evaluation, common sense, daily life.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 294-303 (pdf)
UDC 159.938
Zelenska Z.P.
Kyiv-Pechersk Lyceum в„– 171 В«LeaderВ», Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article represents the results of an empirical study aimed at determining the gender differences in communication skills of primary school students. The communication has a great importance to primary school students because it is in the center of their lives, defining all other aspects of their behavior and activities in many ways. Empathy and affiliation are important psychological characteristics of interpersonal communication in adolescence.
It was found in the study that boys have more emotional barriers to communication and find it more difficult to manage their emotions than girls. Girls are more developed than boys with empathy for animals, for children, for works of art, for empathic tendencies and communicative qualities. It was also determined that the vast majority of primary school students have a low need for communication, which needs to be considered when developing a psycho-correction program.
The analysis of the obtained results indicates the necessity of corrective work with the pupils of primary school, aimed at increasing in them the level of manifestation of empathetic tendencies, the formation of self-regulation skills in communication and increasing the need for communication, as well as providing psychological conditions for overcoming and prevention emotional barriers to interpersonal communication.
The prospects for further research are to develop a psycho-correction program aimed at developing communication skills in primary school students.
Keywords: empathy, emotional barrier, teenager, gender differences, primary school student, communication skills, communicative control.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 304-311 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.072
Maksom K.
Chernihiv National University of Technology, Chernihiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The main conceptual approaches to defining bullying as a socio-psychological phenomenon and bullying structure are considered in the article. Based on the results of the empirical study, the features of the bullying structure at different stages of adolescence were analyzed.
According to the results of the study, the following results were obtained: 1) In all classes, students who participated in the study showed manifestations of bullying by the students. 2) There was no bullying on the part of the teachers (only some students pointed to some cases of bullying, which characterizes the existence of single conflict situations, but excludes the presence of bullying on the part of the teachers). 3) "Observers" are the largest group in the bullying structure of both age groups. 4) "Bullies", "Assistants", and "Victims" were more pronounced in the younger teens group than senior school students group. 5) "Defenders" among the group of younger adolescents were found less than among the students of the senior school.
According to the results of the research, there was a tendency of lowering the frequency of bullying in senior school compared to the middle classes, as well as the change of the bullying structure. The senior school bullying structure is characterized by a blurring of roles, while in the early teens, the roles of individual students, especially the main ones ("aggressors" and "victims"), are clearly defined. This can be explained by the age of the respondents – communication with peers becomes especially important for adolescents, subsequently there is a desire to meet the requirements of others, to realize their deficiencies that interfere with communication. At the same time, there is a change in the forms of manifestation of abuse from open physical to verbal, and then to indirect manifestations.
Keywords: bullying, school violence, treatment, adolescence, bullying structure, "victim", "aggressor", "observer".
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3. Norkina E. G. Metodika na vyiyavlenie В«Bulling-strukturyiВ». Tavricheskiy nauchnyiy obozrevatel. 2016. T. 8, в„– 3. S. 170-174.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 312-318 (pdf)
UDC 159.923.2
Mytrofanova S.S.
В«University of Modern KnowledgeВ», Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In the course of this study, indicators of self-evaluation and self-identity of students with the basic education in psychology and in a non-psychology field were subjected to a comparative analysis. The number of respondents was 184 full-time and extramural psychology students with and without experience in practical psychology. Half of the respondents were persons continuing their professional education in the chosen field of specialization, the BEP group (basic education in psychology), and the other half were those gaining a second university degree under a bachelor’s program with a different specialization, the BEN group (basic education in a non-psychology field). The social “self” and reflexive “self” indicators are dominant in the BEN group, while a high level of adequate self-evaluation was observed in the BEP group. A statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the “communicative “self”” indicator was established. In the BEN group, one-third of the students have low adequate self-evaluation “I am a real psychologist”, which means that in these respondents, the perception of themselves as a psychologist is only developing and complicating in the course of study. The level of their self-evaluation “I am a real psychologist” is lower than in BEP students. The latter have a better idea of their capabilities and better perception of their own positive qualities and weaknesses.
A conclusion was drawn that going through different life experience which bore upon the choice of profession and form of continuing study (higher education in the chosen or a different field of specialization) significantly affects the student’s self-evaluation indicators: the choice of education in psychology in the chosen field of specialization helps develop adequate self-evaluation, while the choice of a second university degree with a different specialization stems from the domination of inadequately high self-evaluation. The students who received basic education in a non-psychology field are only revealing the features of their personality, only cognizing themselves, somewhat idealizing their future professional activity.
Keywords: basic higher education, psychologists, self-consciousness, self-evaluation, self-identity, students.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 319-327 (pdf)
UDC 616.12-008.331.1-053.6:159.923
Misiura O.M.
National Children's Specialized Hospital "Ohmatdit", Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The aim of this work was to establish the characteristics of the attitude to the disease and its impact on the quality of life of adolescents with essential hypertension. 45 adolescents (12 girls and 33 boys) aged 13-17 years (average 14.87 В± 1.30 years) were examined. In 25 adolescents, stable AH was detected, the rest had variable AH. Quality of life was assessed using SF-36, the attitude to the disease with the TOBOL method.
66.7% of girls and 63.3% of boys showed an adaptive type of attitude towards the disease. The remaining girls recorded the type of relationship with the intrapsychic block (anxious, neurasthenic, melancholic), while almost every third boy showed a diffuse and mixed type of attitude to the disease with a predominance of the scales of the interpsychic block (sensitivity, dysphoricity, egocentricity and paranoia). Anosognosia correlated with the values of the scales “Role-based emotional functioning”, “Social functioning” and “Mental health” (respectively r = 0.53; P <0.05, r = 0.48; P
Thus, Harmoniousness and anosognosia types of attitude toward the disease are associated with more higher quality of life for adolescents with essential hypertension, regardless of blood pressure. Disadaptive types of attitude towards the disease are inversely related to indicators of quality of life, which must be taken into account when developing a psychocorrection program.
Keywords: essential hypertension, adolescents, the types of attitude towards disease, quality of life.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 328-334 (pdf)
UDC 159.9:371.3:343.8[477]
Nastoiasha U.V.
State Penitentiary Service Academy, Chernihiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article is devoted to the disclosure of social and psychological features of the activity of a serviceman of the State Criminal and Executive Service (SCES). The purpose of the article was in the determination of the social and psychological features of the SCES employees' activity and to identify its injurious factors.The list of social and psychological features of the SCES serviceman which concern to as externally set working conditions of the institution (strict regulation, subordination, and compulsion), personal characteristics of employees (stress resistance, flexibility, etc.) as to specificity of their cooperation during discharging of service obligations (conditionality of the punishment article, rigid hierarchy) is excluded on the base of analysis It is established that the penitentiary service is connected with the necessity to work in the mode of high stress, and its stressfulness is conditioned by the specific environment of professional activity, which is manifested in the necessity to be constantly in contact with people who committed a crime.Service in the SCES requires the employees of a special organization of their activity and the ability of specific interpersonal communication, maintenances of a strict hierarchy, discipline, increased social and professional responsibility.
It is proved that the assertion of humanistic tasks in building a re-socializing direction of the enforcement of sentences service needs in a clarification of the identified contradictions, risks, and uncertainties during discharging of service obligations by employees of SCES.
Keywords: professional activity psychology, State Criminal and Executive Service, stressfactors, punishment.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 335-345 (pdf)
UDC 150.928
Snizhna M.A.
G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article considers the role of personal values of a visually gifted personality in the regulation of its social and psychological adaptation to the educational environment. It has been established that age-related crises and internal conflicts complicate the personal development of the gifted and their professional improvement. The necessity of value support of visually gifted adolescents is substantiated.
Keywords: gifted adolescents, visual giftedness, personal values, internal conflicts of the value sphere.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 346-350 (pdf)
UDC 159.9:37.018.593
Teslenko V.N.
“KROK” University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article examines the professional burnout syndrome as a system of cognitive, affective and behavioral factors. The concept of an eco-approach based on three principles is proposed: 1) as a part of the professional choice that begins at the stage of the professionalization; 2) as a part of the life process, the success of which depends on the harmonization of the external (meta-social, social, narrow-professional) and the internal (psychological) resources; 3) as a consideration of the profound and procedural aspects of the burnout. The complex of methods for the research of the internal psychological resources of the professional burnout is presented and its results are described on the basis of the analysis of the comparative pedagogical characteristics of educational establishments of different forms of the ownership.
Keywords: pedagogical professionalism, competence, internal psychological resources, personal development, eco-approach.
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4. Viner N. Kibernetika, ili upravlenie i svyaz v jivotnom i mashine / pod. red. G. N. Povarova. [2-e izd.] M.: Nauka; Glavnaya redaktsiya izdaniya dlya zarubejnyih stran, 1983. 344 s.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 351-359 (pdf)
UDC 159.942.5-056.265:17.022.1
Ulko N.M.
National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the traumatic experience on the subsequent life of the person, in particular, its value and semantic sphere.There is conducteda theoretical and empirical analysis of the losses that a person suffers as a result of living an emotionally traumatic situation.As shown by sections of empirical research, the first place is the loss, which is about deadly danger and feelings of helplessness.Also, presented the position on positive assimilation of emotional trauma in the context of further individual-personal development.
Traumatic experiences, as shown by the experience of psychotherapeutic work with displaced persons and participants of the Anti-Terrorist Operation, especially those related to the object of traumatization, activated, as a rule, other displaced traumas and losses and actualized inconsciousness old incomprehensible and not comprehended mental (emotional) trauma.It is obvious that in psychotherapeutic work, it is important to correlate existing experiences and previous, more ancient, connected with different life losses.We were able to track, that as soon as the opportunity to refer to the history of the person and to identify in it the connection with the past unprocessedand unspecified trauma- the processing of emotional traumas and losses became possible.
The person in his life path has a different experience of emotional traumas and related losses - physical, personal, psychological, social, spiritual, as well as his own experience of overcoming them.As a result, the personality has an "after-traumatic psychological growth", in the process of changing her attitude to himself, to others, to revise vital values, to find new meanings for existence.
Therefore, our further research will address a more in-depth and thorough examination of the problem of the relationship between losses, their emotional living, and positive assimilation in the context of a new meaning-building of further individual and personal development.
Keywords: loss, psycho-trauma, traumatic situation, emotional trauma, psycho-traumatic personality, "post-traumatic psychological growth".
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 360-368 (pdf)
UDC 159.923.2:331.548 - 053.6
Fedorenko L.P.
National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article analyzes the approaches to understanding the psychological essence and structure of high school students professional self-determination, forms and methods of its activation. The specifics and conditions for increasing the efficiency of rural school graduates professional self-determination are revealed. The theoretical model of psychological support of rural school graduates is presented in order to increase the effectiveness of their professional self-determination, which involves the activation of high school students to overcome difficulties in this process, work with parents of graduates to ensure their constructive family interaction, as well as to activate the educational form of educational institutions in the educational environment. that will help them to successfully choose their profession and build a professional career after graduation.
Keywords: professional self-determination, psychological support, professional orientation, professional choice, educational work, activation of professional self-determination.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 369-379 (pdf)
UDC 159.9.072.422
Chornyi A.M.
The National Academy of The State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Khmelnitsky
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article deals with the peculiarities of using of problem-based learning in the vocational training system.
A detailed analysis of the organization conditions of the educational process have been carried out. The requirements have been revealed which allow positive results’ achievement when performing problematic tasks. Characteristics of problem-based learning, main principles and components of problem situations have been formulated.
Emphasis have been placed on the requirements that the tutor should take into account when dealing with problem situations during the problem-based learning. The classification of problem situations, the structure of the method of problem-based learning have been formed.
Levels of problems have been formulated by which the tutor, in modeling the future lesson, predicts the degree of participation of the students in solving the educational problem. Depending on the levels of difficulty, the type of cognitive activity, the levels of students' mental development have been distinguished. A number of learning situations that put the student in an active position in the class have been revealed.
A number of methods for vocational training conducting have been substantiated. Certain restrictions have been revealed which are imposed on problem-based learning conducting.
Keywords: vocational training, problem-based learning, problem task, problem situation, method, level of difficulty, lesson, methodology.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 380-391 (pdf)
UDC 377.3.015.31:614.253.5-056.87
Shevchenko Рћ.
Cherkasy Medical Academy, Cherkasy
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article presents the results of an empirical study of the value-motivational component of future nurses' resilience in working with severe somatic patients. The criterion (value attitude to the development of resistance in work with severe somatic patients), indicators (the need to work with severe somatic patients; the desire to psychologically prepare for such work; to develop psychological stability, resilience; value assumptions about the meaningfulness, self-worth, and ability to manage life events, including in the context of developing resilience) and appropriate research methods.
The results of the study of the value-motivational component of resilience are characterized. The results of factor analysis of the needs for future nurses in the context of work with severe somatic patients are analyzed. The results of the cluster analysis, which revealed the distribution of the investigated nurses by the generalized indicators of world assumptions, are highlighted. In addition, the percentage distribution of the nurses surveyed who wish to work with severely ill patients was analyzed. Data on generalization of research results and levels of development of the studied component as a whole are presented. Insufficient level of development of value-motivational component of future nurses' resilience in work with severe somatic patients has been determined.
The results of the analysis of variance reveal the peculiarities of the development of the value-motivational component of nurses' resilience, depending on the course of study.
The expediency of promoting the development of the value-motivational component of the resilience of future nurses in the work with severe somatic patients during specially organized psychological training was stated.
Keywords: nurses, resilience, severe somatic patients, needs of professional activity, world assumptions.
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Aktual_probl_psihol 2019, 6(16): 392-401 (pdf)